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Number of pages: 129 Category: Architectural Engineering

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of architecture, architectural trend, autumn 2013, chapter 1- general 1-1- statement of the problem: Iran is a special example among other countries in terms of climate diversity.

Number of pages: 109 Category: Librarianship

Abstract Adopting a suitable currency regime and equilibrium exchange rate is one of the important and sometimes controversial issues. Some economists believe that the low nominal (or real) exchange rate causes export stagnation and reduced incentives for domestic production to replace imports. Others believe that the policy of devaluation of the national currency or high ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis of Handicrafts Design and Production of Wooden Products Abstract Chair is one of the practical devices that people constantly deal with during the day due to its type of use and has always been the focus of artisans and designers. Therefore, motifs and symbols that have their roots in the valuable treasure of our traditional arts have the ability to be used in ...

Number of pages: 243 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field: MBA Executive Management (to obtain a master's degree in the MBA field) Abstract Changes in the internal and external environments of organizations are one of the most important features that managers and strategic planners are interested in. Therefore, managers are faced with the challenge of how to face them in order to reduce the vulnerability of ...

Number of pages: 115 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) in human resource management. Abstract: Without a doubt, one of the most important conditions for successful and dynamic organizations is to have people who are willing to participate in the changes of the organization and its movement towards progress and success, without any obligation or coercion. Participation that goes beyond official ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Introduction Engineers are always looking for better quality. In mathematics and computer science, it is the process of choosing or finding the best member in the sets of available options. Every process has the potential to be optimized and complex problems can be modeled as optimization problems in the fields of engineering, economic and business sciences. The goal of modeling ...

Number of pages: 192 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis in the field of Educational Sciences, Educational Planning, 2013 Abstract The purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of product-oriented skill training in the country, which seeks to answer three questions:

Number of pages: 123 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation, March 2013, abstract of the scope of using FRP materials for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams in

Number of pages: 117 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Educational Planning Summer 2019 Abstract: This research aims to investigate the quality of services of educational complexes in districts 1 and 2 of A

Number of pages: 100 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for receiving the degree of M.Sc. Trend: soil and soil in February 2013 Abstract: Allowed load capacity or safe load capacity is a virtual pressure that is within the range of

Number of pages: 90 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis of Ardakan Faculty of Art and Architecture, Carpet Department (Primary Materials and Dyeing) Mehr 2013 Abstract: During the period of its use, the hand-woven carpet may be affected by various factors and conditions

Number of pages: 111 Category: Architectural Engineering

Dissertation to receive the master's degree of industry group. Desti Bahman 92 Introduction Traditional architecture has been influenced by culture and climate for a long time and this is while in different regions of Iran the climate

Number of pages: 172 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining the master's degree (M.A.) (Trend: Human Resource Management Winter 1391 Abstract: Naza University

Number of pages: 94 Category: Economics

Chapter 1: Overview of Research Chapter 1- Overview of Research 1-1- Introduction: One of the goals of the economy of any country is to achieve high employment, and economic policy makers should always respond to changes in employment.

Number of pages: 124 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Abstract Today, rice is the main food of more than half of the world's population and rice is cultivated in five continents and more than forty countries. Rice is one of the main meals of the people of Iran, until 1340, Iran exported more or less rice annually, and since then, as a result of the improvement of the economic situation of the people and the rapid increase of the ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, specialization: accounting, is an abstract of the present research and research work in order to determine the effective factors in the selection of accounting methods for the inventory of materials and goods and its effect on the quality of profitability of companies admitted to the stock exchange. This thesis prepares a framework ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the Dosa method on the theory of mind of high-functioning autistic children. The present research is a quasi-experimental type and the design used is a single-group pre-test-post-test design with follow-up and without the use of random selection. ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Counseling and Guidance (M.A) Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of painting therapy on the mental health of male students of primary schools in Gachsaran city. The variables of the current research were mental health with dimensions (anxiety, hostility, physicalization, interpersonal sensitivity, obsession, ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in educational technology (M.A) Abstract This research was conducted with the aim of presenting a courseware based on the model of concept acquisition and investigating its effect on vocabulary learning and memorization and comprehension of first-year high school students in English. This study is in the group of quasi-experimental ...

Number of pages: 173 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Polymer Industry Engineering April 2013 Abstract Nowadays, the topic of energy and energy saving in all fields, even in homes, is one of the most important.

Number of pages: 65 Category: Industrial Engineering

Thesis for the M.Sc degree in wood and paper industry engineering, Mehr 2013 Abstract: In this research, the physical and mechanical properties of nanocomposites obtained from cellulose nanofibers and poly polymers

Number of pages: 79 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in Psychiatry Abstract The union of couples is an official social initiation, the continuation of which strengthens the foundation of the family. Nowadays, spouses benefit from interventions and specialized training in order to increase intimacy and improve marital relations. The general purpose of the current research is to investigate the effectiveness of group ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Art - Graphics

The final performance (dissertation) to obtain the master's degree in the field of world music playing in July 2013. Abstract During the last years, many efforts have been made in the field of comparing the two instruments of violin and violin.

Number of pages: 110 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: General Abstract: The purpose of this research was to explain the relationship between the feeling of connectedness and emotional inadequacy with happiness. In terms of its nature and goals, this research is scientific and correlation method was used for its implementation. The statistical population of this research consisted of ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Field: Economics: Energy Economics Fall 2013 Abstract of Thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): natural resources including

Number of pages: 158 Category: Economics

Sources a) Persian sources: 1- Abrishmi, Hamid; Mehrara, Mohsen (1383), Deviation of equilibrium real exchange rate and woodworking policies in Iran's economy. Business research paper. Quarterly No. 33. 2- Abrishmi, Hamid; Mehrara, Mohsen (1384), methods of regulating and balancing the foreign exchange market and encouraging the purchase of goods and services from within. ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, orientation: accounting. Abstract In this research, we have examined the relationship between dividend policy and productivity. The intended research is an applied research. In terms of the type of research design, it is retrospective in order to rely on historical information, and its inference method is inductive and correlational. ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Management

Dissertation for M.A. Major: Finance Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between social responsibility and financial and non-financial performance of industrial companies in Golestan province. Corporate social responsibility was measured through a questionnaire containing 43 questions in the field of social responsibility of employees, ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Art - Graphics

Theoretical thesis of master's course in dramatic literature, screenwriting orientation. Abstract: The research problem is to examine the assumptions to reach a religious screenplay. A descriptive-analytical method has been used to answer this question. The theoretical framework, the transformation of the sensible world into the sensible world in the theory of Ayatollah Javadi ...

Number of pages: 313 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Social Communication Sciences (M.A) Introduction: Now that the information and communication revolution has spread geographical boundaries and created tremendous changes in the field of globalization, a large volume of information and new knowledge is easily available to everyone through information networks, and it seems that a ""global village"" is being ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Social Communication Sciences Abstract: In this dissertation, an attempt is made to examine the historical, social and cultural contexts of war and its relationship with cinema, as well as how those ""contexts"" are reflected in cinema, in the three decades after the revolution. In fact, the author has distinguished three main periods in the representation of ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) major: sports management, the relationship between personality traits and conflict management of managers in sports teams of Fars province. This is a descriptive, correlational research that was conducted using the field method. The statistical sample of this research included all the presidents and vice-presidents of sports boards of Fars ...

Number of pages: 93 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.A.) major: psychology and education of exceptional children Abstract of the thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and obtained results): The present study compares perception and visual and auditory memory in educable mentally retarded girls with and without physical-motor disabilities in Tehran. 1391-92

Number of pages: 93 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in General Psychology (M.A) Abstract Mental health is one of the main criteria for evaluating a society and it undoubtedly plays a significant role in its efficiency and progress. The purpose of this research is to compare the mental health of female students with working and non-working mothers. and 120 mothers' daughters

Number of pages: 127 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: business management, transformation orientation, background and purpose: employees are known as a potential source of resistance to change (Okumos and Hemmington, 1998), as the experiences of an organization change, its members have different interpretations and expectations for those changes. Cognitive understanding of the ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting. Abstract: The purpose of the research is to investigate whether the quality of auditing in the current period has an effect on the possibility of re-presenting the financial statements in the future period. For this purpose, the relationship between the factors affecting audit quality in the current period and the possibility of re-presenting the ...

Number of pages: 144 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Information Science and Epistemology Abstract Reading and study habits are one of the most important factors influencing academic and social success in students. It is recommended to replace the correct habits of reading and studying to achieve learning, education and growth of students in all fields. The aim of the current research is to ...

Number of pages: 174 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis, Geography, Geomorphology, Abstract: The wide plain of Khuzestan hosts important permanent rivers, the largest of which is the Karun River. The Karun watershed is one of the largest sub-basins of Iran and a part of the main watershed of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. The Karun River, with a length of about 890 kilometers, consists of four main branches, named ...

Number of pages: 171 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of ""M.A"" specialization: insurance management, abstract of companies for their survival in today's turbulent and changing world, new ideas and Need new comments. The increase of threats on the one hand and the use of opportunities on the other hand in the tense and unpredictable environment make companies face strong ...

Number of pages: 232 Category: Management

(Dissertation for Master of Business Administration (International Marketing) Abstract In the crowded market where we see the activity of many mobile phone brands, on the one hand, we are facing a decrease in the purchase of such phones due to the economic recession and the decrease in people's purchasing power, and on the other hand, we are witnessing the great efforts of these ...

Number of pages: 298 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Handicrafts, Traditional Arts Research Abstract: The art of the Qajar period had a special place among the artistic periods of Iran, which arose due to the special social conditions and the increasing expansion of political and cultural interactions with foreign countries, especially Europe.

Number of pages: 90 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Video Communication Abstract Packaging is one of the commercial elements that can also have a cultural load. The question that raises the mind is, can packaging represent culture and nationality? Is it possible to find a model for learning the principles and foundations based on which Iran's packaging can be transformed? By studying and ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree in Geography, Tourism Planning, Abstract: Handicrafts are considered to be the objective crystallization of culture and artistic manifestations and types of applied and folk arts, and since each handiwork reflects the historical, social and cultural characteristics of its place of production, it can be considered an important factor in ...

Number of pages: 287 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Degree Thesis Abstract This thesis is a research on the recognition of surrealism, not as an artistic style, but in terms of philosophical and artistic thought and perspective and the entry of this thought into the field of photography and its surrealistic application in contemporary graphics. For this reason, a major part of the treatise is dedicated to examining and ...

Number of pages: 65 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation for master's degree in visual communication. The abstract of the present research in four chapters examines the works of cinema posters of the last three decades of Iran - 1360 to 1390. During a period of library research, materials related to the formation and birth of cinema in the world were conducted for the first chapter, and in the second chapter, the same ...

Number of pages: 254 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation for Master's degree (A.M) specialization: painting Abstract of this research was done in order to investigate new media in the art of the 20th century. Research, descriptive, analysis and content methods were used to carry out these studies, as well as the methods of collecting information in the form of library and data collection. The main purpose of this thesis ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Management

Master's Thesis in the field of Business Administration (Tendency of Transformation Abstract In today's competitive markets that are constantly changing and evolving, the survival and growth of new companies due to their impact on employment and economic growth are among the factors that are of great importance, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of intellectual capital dimensions on increasing the market orientation of private insurance companies in Isfahan province. The method of conducting the present research was descriptive-correlation, and hypothesis testing was done with correlation method and SPSS version 19 ...

Number of pages: 173 Category: Art - Graphics

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree in Visual Communication Introduction Iranian art in the Islamic era is a sacred art in which there are signs of knowledge and thinking in its smallest parts. One of the dimensions of Islamic art is architecture, and inscriptions are considered part of the decorations of Islamic architecture. By examining the inscriptions left from the Islamic ...

Number of pages: 159 Category: Civil Engineering

The effect of fiber and pozzolanic materials on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced concrete Master's Thesis of Civil-Structural Engineering Abstract The failure and destruction of concrete is highly dependent on the formation of cracks and microcracks. With increasing loading, microcracks are connected and form cracks. In order to solve this problem and also to ...

Number of pages: 158 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree Abstract: Dealing with external forces such as earthquakes is one of the most important missions of civil engineers. In order to achieve this goal, the light metal frame system, which has advantages such as the possibility of industrial production, prefabrication and lightness, can be considered as a suitable alternative to traditional systems. ...

Number of pages: 231 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation to receive M.Sc degree in civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract: One of the ways to strengthen the building against lateral loads is the use of a wind system (convergent or divergent). The increasing use of steel braces to deal with earthquake forces requires that the seismic performance of these types of systems be given more attention. The common ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree in Persian Language and Literature Abstract: Nature with its beautiful effects has always impressed all people, especially poets and writers, and has been continuously praised and described and widely reflected in their works. In the meantime, the sun, as an astronomical phenomenon and its related images, has become the basis for the creation ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Management

Master's Thesis in Business Management (Tendency of Transformation) Abstract In today's competitive markets that are constantly changing and evolving, the survival and growth of new companies due to their impact on employment and economic growth are among the factors that are of great importance, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of company and ...

Number of pages: 147 Category: Management

Master's Thesis of MBA, Marketing Orientation Considering the environment of global competition and the changes and transformations that occur rapidly in today's world, organizations must take measures to keep their customers and provide the conditions to make the organizational performance more effective. Maintaining and strengthening customer loyalty in line with a company's ...

Number of pages: 184 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M-A) Abstract Since popular culture and literature are the enduring heritage of our country's past, it should be identified and preserved in various dimensions. The purpose of this research is to investigate the local culture, customs and customs of Qalaganj city, because the cultural and historical identity of peoples and nations is one of the ...

Number of pages: 285 Category: Management

Industrial Management Doctoral Dissertation, Production and Operations, Abstract: The global automobile industry has grown a lot in recent decades compared to other industries. Every day, the intensity of competition in this industry increases to gain global market share. Iran's automobile industry has also taken effective steps to gain global market share through exports. In ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Management

Master's Thesis Field: MBA Abstract About two-thirds of the world's energy is consumed in cities. Along with the many solutions that have been provided to reduce the energy demand, some technologies and researches have also been aimed at optimizing the energy supply. The technology of simultaneous production of electricity and heat is among the technologies that have been ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract Good bond strength between the old and new concrete surface is a key factor in the performance of concrete repairs. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and evaluate the bond strength between the surface of the old concrete and the added concrete. In this thesis, a laboratory research ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Computer Engineering

The final exam for receiving a master's degree in computer engineering (M.SC) specialization: software Abstract: Since the beginning of digitalization of real and legal documents, the owners of their documents have always been looking for a suitable way to protect their copyright. The increasing expansion and growth of the Internet has caused extensive changes in the way of life ...

Number of pages: 128 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering, soil and foundation, in this research, the bearing capacity of the conical pile group and the cylindrical pile group with the same volume are calculated and compared. Due to the lack of numerical studies and modeling by software for conical piles compared to laboratory tests in this field, in this research, the modeling of the ...

Number of pages: 65 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's Thesis of Civil-Environmental Engineering Abstract Garbage is one of the environmental pollutants that cause many problems such as the spread of pollution in water, air and soil and transmission to humans and animals directly or indirectly. Today, with the ever-increasing expansion of urban and industrial societies, we are witnessing the widening of the amount of these ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Master's in Movement Behavior and Sports Psychology Developmental coordination disorder is used to describe children who have difficulty performing some movement skills and lack the necessary competence to deal with their daily movement needs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of selected exercises on the reaction time and posture control of 7-8 year old ...

Number of pages: 96 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Thesis for Master's degree in the field: Chemical Engineering Abstract Today, tea is one of the most popular drinks among the people of the world, especially in Iran, that's why drying tea leaves is essential for long-term storage. In this research, both a tea leaf and a pile of it were examined and dried. Green tea leaves were dried in the temperature range of 35 to 55 degrees ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's thesis in the field of civil and environmental engineering. Abstract The main problem in using landfill biogas is the presence of pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide gas is colorless, toxic, flammable, and has an unpleasant odor. It is highly toxic and produces SO2 when biogas is burned. In addition, hydrogen sulfide has a corrosive effect. It costs a ...

Number of pages: 117 Category: Electronic Engineering

Presented to graduate education management as part of the academic activities required to obtain a master's degree in the field of mechatronics. Abstract As you know, air conditioner is a high consumption device and has a Freon refrigeration cycle. What drew the companies to the production of inverters was to solve the shortcoming of air conditioners in high energy consumption. ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.SC) Major: Chemistry and Essential Oil Technology Farsi Summary Introduction: Soil contamination with heavy metals is an important issue that these toxic elements can be transferred in the terrestrial ecosystem and have a potential risk to the quality of food and health, the environment. Soil pollution with heavy toxic metals has increased ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's Thesis in Chemical Engineering Abstract of Electrochemical Analysis of Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is one of the organic chemicals that is widely used as a raw material in many industries. Industrial effluents that contain high concentrations of formaldehyde must be treated before entering the environment due to its possible carcinogenic and mutagenic risks. The purpose ...

Number of pages: 128 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of electrical engineering (power trend) Abstract of the investigation of transient electromagnetic states in wind turbines with the increasing development of wind turbines, increasing its efficiency has become more critical. One of the factors for measuring wind turbine efficiency is its performance in transient state problems. The phenomena that ...

Number of pages: 66 Category: Research Methodology

Abstract: Introduction and purpose: One of the most important adult stem cells that has attracted the attention of most researchers is mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow have the ability to transform into different types of cells, including fat cells, bone and cartilage, in addition, these cells can be differentiated into neuronal cells. Most ...

Number of pages: 28 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Power Electricity Chapter 1 Overview of Wind Energy and Wind Turbine Preface Energy supply and demand in the world has become one of the most important issues of the day, so that the world will be seriously affected by it until the end of the 20th century and even after that. Fossil energies such as oil, gas and coal are facing a new big ...

Number of pages: 76 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for M.A. degree. ""Trend of Biotechnology"" Abstract Today, due to the reduction of fossil fuel sources and the destructive effects of these types of fuels on the environment, researchers are thinking of replacing them. In recent years, biodiesel fuel is considered the most suitable alternative to diesel fuel due to its renewable nature and less pollution. The ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of chemical-biotechnology engineering Abstract Protozoan protein refers to the protein obtained from the cultivation of bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi or algae, which can be used as human food or animal feed. In fact, protozoan protein is the dried cells of microorganisms that are obtained by their fermentation on different substrates. ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation Chemistry for Master's Degree Abstract Acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesives are more expensive than rubber-based adhesives, but they have a longer life and resistance to high temperatures, chemicals, UV rays, solvents, light, softeners, and the environment. Modification of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives is useful for improving adhesion properties. In ...

Number of pages: 94 Category: Health - Health

Master's Thesis in Food Safety and Health Abstract: Background: Essential oils and extracts obtained from medicinal plants with antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant compounds are of particular importance as new and natural medicinal compounds, both in the field of health and treatment of diseases and protection of raw and processed foods. Objective: To determine the ...

Number of pages: 121 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master of Mechatronics Abstract As you know, the air conditioner is a high consumption device and has a Freon refrigeration cycle. What drew the companies to the production of inverters was to solve the shortcoming of air conditioners in high energy consumption. To improve energy consumption in every part of the industry, one should pay attention to several parameters, it is ...

Number of pages: 70 Category: Veterinary Medicine

Dissertation for receiving professional doctorate degree in veterinary medicine Abstract In order to detect Histomonas mele agridis in slaughtered turkeys in Isfahan province, 200 blood samples and 200 liver samples were taken in the slaughterhouse and after DNA extraction, the 550 bp fragment of 18SRNA gene was amplified. In addition, liver samples were preserved in 10% ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's Thesis of Polymer Science and Technology Engineering Abstract Urethane-acrylate resins are of interest due to their low viscosity and flame retardant properties and relatively easy curing. On the other hand, natural fibers with renewable resources, low price, low density and high special properties have a special ability to be used in composites. However, their ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of preservation and modification. Abstract In this research, the effect of combined modification of colloidal silver-hot water on the heat transfer from the hot press plates to the heart of the beech (Fagus orientalis) chipboard cake, the physical and mechanical properties of the chipboard and the chemical changes of the ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's Thesis of Polymer Industry Engineering Abstract Phenolic resins have excellent dimensional, thermal, chemical and corrosion resistance. Also, the fugitives produced during the thermal degradation of this resin have low toxicity and, in addition, they have high charring. Phenolic resins, due to having desirable properties, are used in many fields such as internal parts ...