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Number of pages: 116 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's degree ""MA"" Major: General Psychology Abstract The aim of the current research was to investigate the relationship between resilience and spiritual intelligence with the mental health of students of Khorramabad Islamic Azad University. The research sample consisted of 225 students who were selected in a multi-stage cluster and responded to the ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A) Major: General Abstract of research on the relationship between religion and health has often shown positive relationships between these two variables. People who have a weak sense of social and religious adequacy, turn to drugs to escape from social anxiety and are vulnerable. On the other hand, addiction destroys moral, ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for receiving Master's degree (M.A) in the field of educational management. Abstract of the present research aims to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental health with students' academic performance. The statistical population includes all the male students of the conservatories of Maroodasht city, whose number in 2013 was equal to ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Health - Health

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of health and medical services management abstract background and purpose: the aging of the population is one of the most important social changes. Old age is associated with many costs, one of the most important of which is in the healthcare sector. The main goal of health organizations in providing services to the ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis Field: M.A. Orientation: Strategic Academic Year: 2013 - 1392 Abstract of this research in order to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence on the quality of nursing care in Derm teaching hospitals.

Number of pages: 70 Category: Educational Sciences

The first chapter of the research plan - 1 - Introduction The importance of spirituality and spiritual growth in humans has attracted the attention of psychologists and mental health professionals more and more in the past few decades. The progress of psychological science on the one hand

Number of pages: 210 Category: Management

Dissertation for M.A. Department of Public Management with Transformational Orientation Abstract The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and job stress and creativity among the employees of Salam Insurance General Administration.

Number of pages: 148 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field: Educational Management 1 Introduction In an era that is known as the explosion of knowledge and information and the development of knowledge and technology is growing rapidly, human resources education cannot remain indifferent to these developments. A deeper look at the mission of education is revealed when a human ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Psychology

1.Introduction Life skills and problem solving are a set of abilities that provide the basis for the adaptation of positive and useful behavior. This ability enables a person to accept his personal and social responsibilities, without harming himself and others, and can effectively face the demands, expectations and problems of daily interpersonal relationships and in this way ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Social Welfare Field Abstract: A healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing the prevalence and impact of health problems and improving health, adapting to stressful life factors and improving the quality of life. Lifestyle helps us to understand what people do, the reason they do it, and the meaning of their actions for themselves and others. ...

Number of pages: 136 Category: Psychology

Thesis for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle education based on the global health model on death anxiety and life satisfaction of the elderly. The statistical population of this research consists of all the elderly living in nursing homes, comprehensive rehabilitation centers, and ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Educational Management Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and work motivation of teachers in secondary public schools of Kamiyaran city. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes all teachers in the number of 203 people, and ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A) Orientation: General Abstract Cancer is one of the chronic diseases that carries a heavy economic, social and psychological burden for the patient, family and society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence and mindfulness training on psychological well-being and life expectancy ...

Number of pages: 158 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) Field: History and Philosophy of Education Dissertation Abstract (including summary, objectives, methods of implementation and results obtained): The purpose of this research is to provide an appropriate answer to the question of what are the educational and educational aspects of hope in Islam? And what role does it play in human mental ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Psychology

Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology Thesis for Master's Degree (M.A) Major: Educational Psychology Dissertation Abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and obtained results): This research was conducted with the aim of predicting students' academic motivation based on spiritual intelligence and mother's marital ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A.) Direction: Clinical The purpose of education and training is to flourish and actualize all human talents with well-considered programs, this requires identifying and realizing their strengths and weaknesses, counselors have played a sensitive and effective role in this field for a long time, so the main goal of this research ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Counseling and Guidance Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on the mental health of bright female students in Kermanshah city. The current research was a pilot study of pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was made up of bright ...

Number of pages: 119 Category: Psychology

Dissertation to receive a master's degree (M.A.) orientation: industrial and organizational, the relationship between spiritual intelligence and happiness with organizational citizenship behavior of Euclid sugar factory employees. The sample of this research consisted of 170 employees who were selected by simple random from among all employees and evaluated using relevant ...

Number of pages: 173 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for M.A. Master's Degree Abstract Objective: Paying attention to social support and mental health and coping skills of addicts during addiction recovery is an important and valuable issue for success in addiction recovery. The general purpose of this research is to determine the social support, coping strategies, and mental health of addicts anonymous and addicts ...

Number of pages: 158 Category: Psychology

Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, specialization: Industrial and Organizational Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) Examining the relationship between occupational stress and mental health with emphasis on the mediating role of coping strategies in the employees of the Jihad Agricultural Organization of Zanjan province. Abstract The main purpose of this ...

Number of pages: 151 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field: Educational Sciences, Department: Curriculum Planning, Abstract: Self-control is an internal care based on which, without external supervision or control, assigned tasks are performed and abnormal and illegal behaviors are abandoned. When someone ignores the external control and devotes his efforts to doing the work ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of psychology ""M.A."" Objective Abstract: Social health is a function of various social and cultural factors, and after entering high school and adolescence and adulthood, the elementary school student faces a new environment and conditions that are different from his previous life and past social environment. This ...

Number of pages: 137 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree, field: psychology, orientation: clinical, Farsi abstract. Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of comparing family solidarity, mental health, and religious orientation in runaway and normal girls in Tehran. Method: Causal-comparative research method and its statistical population were 200 runaway and normal girls in ...

Number of pages: 117 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Management (M.A.) Major: Human Resources Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of work addiction and occupational health on the quality of work life of Soroush platform employees, and the statistical population is all employees of this platform in the second half of 2013. The research method is one of the ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Management

Master's Thesis in Public Administration Major: Human Resources Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing the relationship between the dimensions of spiritual leadership and job satisfaction of the employees of Parsian Bank branches in Tehran province. The target statistical population in this research was the employees of Parsian Bank ...

Number of pages: 167 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (public administration field of transformation management) Abstract In the complex, unstable, changing, unpredictable and competitive conditions of today's environment, the organizational leader needs to build more trust with the employees. Authentic leadership style is a good way to increase trust. Therefore, in this research, we ...

Number of pages: 128 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Abstract Art Research In Islam, every art is measured by the criterion of being as close and effective as possible to the human spirit. The closest thing to our soul is our body. Therefore, any art that deals with the body is important. Clothing is the most important of all of them. After the body, clothes are the ...

Number of pages: 130 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Public Administration Abstract: The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among the employees of Tehran Pharmaceutical Company. The statistical population of the research includes all the male and female employees of Daro Pasha company in ...

Number of pages: 121 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) Major: Sports Management Abstract: The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between the quality of work life and organizational health with productivity in physical education teachers of Andimshek region in 2013. The statistical population of this research was 102 teachers of different educational courses in Andimeshk ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Health - Health

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in nursing education (health orientation) Abstract: Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important factors that threaten the health of people, especially young people. In order to have a correct understanding of the unhealthy behaviors of people in society (such as smoking), it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education - General Orientation Abstract The purpose of this research was the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of physical education teachers. The statistical population of the research included 100 physical education teachers from Khaf city and the statistical sampling method was considered as the total ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Health - Health

The first chapter of the research field: lifestyle[1] is the normal and routine daily activities that people accept in their lives, so that these activities affect people's health(1). By choosing a lifestyle to maintain and improve his health and prevent diseases, a person performs actions and activities such as following a proper diet, sleep and activity, exercise, body weight ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for Master's Degree (Nursing Surgery Internal Training) Abstract: Introduction: Nurse plays an important and fundamental role in patient care and health. The health of nurses is at greater risk than other people in society for several reasons. One of the most important causes of tension and stress in nurses, which has not been addressed much, is the conflict between ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Master's thesis in the field of physical education and sports sciences - motor behavior Abstract Comparison of the general health dimensions of male students of the third year of physical education conservatory with the same group in a theoretically selected field in Shiraz city. The subjects of this research were 137 third-year experimental students and 56 third-year ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Philosophy - Ethics

Master's Thesis of Nahj al-Balagheh Abstract: Islam attaches great importance and value to mental health. If he considers a believer to be a person with a healthy heart and is mentally healthy, he considers the source of many moral vices to be some kind of mental problems. On the other hand, envy can be mentioned as one of the vices that plays an important role in the deviation ...

Number of pages: 136 Category: Paramedical

Introduction: Human power is considered as the most important development factor in any organization. In the healthcare system, it is also a service provider and has an important contribution to the health of society. The quality of service delivery requires maintaining and improving the health of service providers. On the other hand, one of the aspects affecting health is a ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for the degree of general doctor of medicine Introduction: Examining the mental health status of students who are young and active members of the society and have a special position in the society is very important and since entering the university leads to major changes in a person's life, it is considered a very sensitive stage. In the present study, the mental ...

Number of pages: 172 Category: Management

Thesis of master's degree in business management, marketing orientation, summer 1991. Abstract: This research with the subject of "" Investigating the effect of social marketing factors on the value of the bank's brand name from the customers' point of view (Study

Number of pages: 112 Category: Nutritional Sciences

Dissertation of master's course in the field of educational sciences, history and philosophy of education, winter 93 Abstract: This research aims to analyze the content of moral concepts and themes in the Holy Quran and with the aim of

Number of pages: 119 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology of General Orientation, Shahrivar 2013 Abstract Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine the role of resilience, self-efficacy and hope in predicting students' happiness.

Number of pages: 231 Category: Architectural Engineering

Thesis­ academic certificate for obtaining the master's degree Major: Architecture, architectural trend, February 2013 Abstract of the influential role of therapeutic spaces and the environment in general, in the behavior and mood of Mes children

Number of pages: 248 Category: Management

Abstract of the thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of executive management in May 2013, every year a huge amount of the country's national capital is consumed in the form of building construction projects and related industries, it is necessary

Number of pages: 158 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in Family Counseling Abstract Introduction and Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Hastinger's cognitive therapy on reducing the symptoms of depression in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Method: The study was a single-case study using a purpose-based sampling method. Three women infected with human ...

Number of pages: 88 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Family Counseling Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and self-esteem with marital satisfaction of married students of Hormozgan University. To collect information related to hypothesis testing, Coppersmith's self-esteem questionnaires, Collins Veerd's adult attachment test, and Enrich's marital ...

Number of pages: 137 Category: Architectural Engineering

Academic Thesis in Master's Degree in Architectural Engineering, First Semester of 1992-1993 Abstract: The purpose of this discussion is to examine the concept of cultural centers and the importance of its existence in the intellectual and moral education of young people, a large part of which

Number of pages: 82 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning Chapter 1: General Research 1- 1- Proposing the issue of urbanization expansion and its relationship with social and economic harms is one of the main characteristics of the country's urban development pattern in the last few decades, and accelerated growth and development and unbalanced distribution in the new era ...

Number of pages: 147 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract In this research, the moderating role of coping strategies and social support in the relationship between quality of life, psychological symptoms and parenting styles has been examined and 120 female heads of households in Alborz province were selected as the research sample. Research evidence and the results of ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Department of Social Sciences, Orientation: Researcher Abstract: The present meta-analysis is an attempt to re-analyze a set of these pathological researches in the field of factors affecting group conflict, in the present research for the meta-analysis of the research conducted, first the effect size was determined according to the ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in the field of Educational Psychology Abstract Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of bold behavior skill training on decision-making and perfectionism of female students in the third grade of high school in district 8 of Tehran. Method: This research was an experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design. One school ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Anthropology Dissertation Abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): Since the beginning of civilization, people have had a relationship with the plants around them. Belief in the healing power of plants may have existed among people long before they were recorded. In addition to having a ...

Number of pages: 77 Category: Psychiatry

Master's Thesis of School Counseling Abstract: In line with the need to teach ""emotional management"" skills, the current research under the title, the effectiveness of anger management group counseling, based on cognitive restructuring, on increasing social intimacy and reducing deterministic thinking among male high school students in Shiraz city, was conducted. The study ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's thesis in the field of educational sciences, history and philosophy of education. Abstract: This research was conducted in order to analyze the content of moral concepts and themes in the Holy Quran and with the aim of presenting a model of the educational moral system based on the moral concepts of the Quran. In this study, descriptive, analytical, and inferential ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Psychology

(General Psychology, M.A. Thesis for Master's Degree) Abstract The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between perfectionism and stubbornness and marital satisfaction in married students. The statistical population of the present study was all married students of the master's level of Azad University of Kermanshah, who were selected by stratified random ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Psychology

Field of Psychology - General Thesis for Master's Degree Abstract Risky behavior is behavior that exposes a person to bad or unpleasant consequences. The purpose of this research is to determine and measure the relationship between illogical beliefs and negative spontaneous thoughts with a tendency to risky behaviors in female students. Based on the nature and method, the ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A) Abstract of the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between marital satisfaction and religious adherence of couples. This research is a type of correlational research and has been carried out using an applied method. For this purpose, 74 couples of students of Islamic Azad University, ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis in Family Counseling Abstract: Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing resilience, marital instability and psychological well-being in two groups of mothers of normal and hearing-impaired children in Tehran using a quantitative-qualitative method. Method: In the quantitative part, using available sampling, a sample consisting of 100 ...

Number of pages: 145 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis Field: Psychology (M.A) Major: Educational Psychology Abstract: This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of teaching self-awareness and problem solving skills on the marital satisfaction of drug addicts during the treatment of dynamic rehabilitation and therapy clinic, Bandar Lange city in 2012. The statistical population includes all clients with a ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Educational Sciences

The abstract of the present research was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional skills and emotional security with the quality of married life of couples living in Rodan city. This research was designed and carried out by descriptive-correlation method. The tools used in this research were the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Test, the Toronto Emotional Awareness ...

Number of pages: 113 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in General Psychology Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between religious attitude, psychological well-being and job burnout among male secondary school teachers in Shahrekord city. The research method was correlation type and the statistical population was all male secondary school teachers in ...

Number of pages: 184 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Abstract The formation of educational and cultural settlements in terms of shape, how to settle and the type of materials and many other parameters are related to climatic elements. Architecture compatible with climatic conditions, in addition to providing a comfortable atmosphere, prevents energy waste and will bring favorable economic effects on a micro and macro scale. The ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A) Major: Clinical Abstract Considering that addiction is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, ""Cognitive Therapy"" is a tool that therapists use to control and treat addiction by influencing thoughts and beliefs. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Family Counseling Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group counseling in the way of self-knowledge resources on increasing the self-expression of recovering addicts. The type of study is a pilot study. The statistical population of people undergoing rehabilitation in Kamranieh Center, Tehran, were from the ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for master's degree in the field of regional development planning Abstract: Rural entrepreneurship is an activity that helps rural people to recognize economic opportunities in local communities and learn how to turn these opportunities into profitable economic activities. Today, entrepreneurship has become a strategy in the development, prosperity and growth of ...

Number of pages: 93 Category: Psychology

Thesis for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology (M.A.) Abstract Drug use is undoubtedly one of the biggest social problems of today's societies, and there are few countries in the world that are free from its harm and problems (Mousavi, 2008). Substance abuse and dependence and addiction is a complex disorder that is associated with biological, psychological, social and ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis of History and Philosophy of Education (Islamic Education) Abstract Ethics and moral education is considered one of the most important human issues in schools and especially human education. Because moral education provides happiness and salvation. The category of ethics has various dimensions such as reason and emotion. Intellect and emotion are two high human ...

Number of pages: 151 Category: Psychology

Academic thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: psychology, specialization: clinical. The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between dimensions of religious orientation and emotional intelligence with marital life satisfaction. In this research, 302 married men and women with an average age of 40 years and a standard ...

Number of pages: 166 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Direction: General The relationship between sexual components and communication skills with marital satisfaction in married women of Gachsaran city Abstract This research was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between sexual components and communication skills with marital satisfaction in married women. The current research ...

Number of pages: 93 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for master's degree in psychology, clinical orientation, Farsi abstract. Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between parents' parenting style and emotional intelligence and aggression in adolescent girls. Method: The research method is correlational, and its statistical population was 582 female secondary school students in ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (General) Abstract This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between religious orientation and marital conflicts and communication patterns among couples in Bandar Abbas city in 2013. The research method of the present study is a descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this ...

Number of pages: 142 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) Lovemaking styles and personality traits with quality of life Abstract: The present research examines the simple and multiple relationship between lovemaking styles and personality traits with quality of life. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between lovemaking styles and personality traits with ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for the Master's degree ""M.A"" Major: Educational Psychology Farsi Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting methods and personality traits with resilience in adolescence. The statistical population of the research was female secondary school students of one Khorramabad district in the academic year of 1392-1393. The ...

Number of pages: 113 Category: Psychology

Abstract Marital satisfaction is the result of the satisfaction and compatibility of the husband and wife in different aspects of their joint life and guarantees the strength of the family foundation and the health of the parents. Marital satisfaction of parents plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of life and the emotional atmosphere of the family and is an effective ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Faculty of Humanities, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Thesis for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Sports Management Abstract The main purpose of this research is to investigate the priorities and limitations of leisure time with an emphasis on sports among the education retirees of Shiraz city. The current research is a descriptive-analytical type of research. ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Faculty of Humanities, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Thesis for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Sports Management Abstract The main purpose of this research is to investigate the priorities and limitations of leisure time with an emphasis on sports among the education retirees of Shiraz city. The current research is a descriptive-analytical type of research. ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Psychology

Master's thesis in the field of educational psychology. Abstract: Investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and moral intelligence with quality of life: the mediating role of empathy. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between emotional intelligence and moral intelligence with ...

Number of pages: 166 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.A.) (Prospect: General Comparison of attachment styles and self-esteem in women applying for divorce and ordinary women Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the attachment styles and self-esteem of women applying for divorce with ordinary women in 2013. The statistical population in this study is all ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in Family Counseling Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between identity styles and sexual satisfaction. This research is descriptive and correlational. The study population consists of all male and female married teachers of Mashhad who were teaching in high ...

Number of pages: 117 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: System Management and Productivity Abstract: Job enrichment is a concept that is discussed in many organizations, companies, and institutions these days. Job enrichment is aimed at improving performance and employee satisfaction by expanding the scope of individual activity and providing more information for the success ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) Major: Clinical Psychology Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group supportive psychotherapy on the life expectancy and psychological adjustment of mothers of children with cancer. The design of the current research was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical ...

Number of pages: 177 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract Introduction: Aging is the most sensitive and risky period of a person's life, the foundation of the spiritual personality of humans is established at this stage, and if the elderly are not given attention and care at this stage, they may become broken and lose their spirit and sink into loneliness. The purpose of ...