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  3. The effect of different levels of sesame flour in diets based on total and digestible amino acids with phytase on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.

The effect of different levels of sesame flour in diets based on total and digestible amino acids with phytase on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.

Number of pages: 70 File Format: word File Code: 32540
Year: 2012 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Animal Husbandry - Poultry Farming
Tags/Keywords: Amino acid - Breeding mother hens - Broiler chicken - Carcass characteristics - chicken meat - Diets based on amino acids - performance - Phytase - Sesame flour - Total amino acids
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  • Summary of The effect of different levels of sesame flour in diets based on total and digestible amino acids with phytase on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.

    Abstract

    This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the use of different levels of sesame flour and two ration methods based on total amino acids and digestible amino acids along with phytase enzyme on performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. 360 day-old broiler chickens were allocated in 12 treatments, 3 replications and 10 chicken pieces in each replication. Chickens were reared for 42 days in the form of a completely randomized design as a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial experiment including three levels of sesame flour (zero, 12 and 24%) and two ration methods based on total and digestible amino acids along with two levels of the presence and absence of phytase enzyme in the period. All experimental diets contained the minimum amounts of nutrients recommended by the National Nutrition Research Association (NRC, 1994). The results showed that the interaction effect of different levels of sesame flour and phytase enzyme on body weight gain, food conversion ratio, feed consumption in different weeks of rearing had significant differences (P>0.05). 24% levels of sesame flour increased weight, feed consumption and food conversion ratio and decreased the weight of some carcass components in different rearing weeks compared to 0 and 12% levels (P<0.05). The use of ration writing method based on total amino acids caused an increase in weight, an increase in feed consumption and a decrease in the food conversion factor and an increase in the weight of some carcass components (P>0.05). The use of phytase enzyme caused an increase in feed consumption and an increase in the weight of some carcass components (P>0.05).

    Key words: amino acid, sesame flour, phytase, broiler, performance, carcass characteristics

    - Introduction

    Today, the issue of food supply and its consumption has become one of the most fundamental issues of human societies. It should be stated that achieving political, social and cultural independence of human societies apart from providing food security is practically meaningless. The world that houses 7 billion people today considers nutrition to be the most important issue for its present and future. The limitation of food resources and more importantly the monopoly of resources and food production of billions of people in a number of developed countries and its unbalanced distribution in the world creates a sad tragedy of poverty and hunger and ultimately death for millions of children, women and men in backward countries. Poverty, hunger and famine are painful events that often occur due to economic restrictions or political issues and not because of the lack of food in the world markets in certain countries. Among the foods used by humans, animal protein plays a fundamental and important role in the growth, health and physical development of humans in terms of having all the amino acids needed by the human body and its easy digestion. Among the types of animal proteins, poultry meat has gained more status than other animal meats due to its low fat content, its cheapness compared to other types of meat, the improvement of production efficiency, the acceptance of new ideas and innovations due to the advancement of processing techniques on it and as a result of providing various products. The increase in the world's population increases the human need for protein materials day by day, and this issue has caused many animals whose meat can be consumed by humans to become domesticated and with their industrial breeding, part of the protein needs of humans can be solved. In Europe, in 1996, after the mad cow epidemic, the consumption of chicken exceeded the consumption of other types of meat. In 2011, the ranking of the 10 largest chicken meat producing countries in the world was as follows.

    1- The United States (about 16.8 million tons) 2- China (about 13.2 million tons)

    3- Brazil (about 12.9 million tons) 4- The European Union (about 2.7 million tons) 5- Mexico (about 2.8 million tons) 6. India (about 2.7 million tons) 7. Russia (about 2.5 million tons) 8. Argentina (about 1.8 million tons) 9. Iran (about 1.6 million tons) 10- Thailand (about 1.

    1- The United States (about 16.8 million tons) 2- China (about 13.2 million tons)

    3- Brazil (about 12.9 million tons) 4- European Union (about 2.7 million tons)

    5- Mexico (about 2.8 million) 6- India (about 2.7 million tons) 7. Russia (about 2.5 million tons) 8. Argentina (about 1.8 million tons) 9. Iran (about 1.6 million tons) 10. Thailand (about 1.4 million tons) rtl;"> 

    Increasing feed prices have already stunted chicken meat supply growth in Brazil, China, the European Union and the United States, which account for nearly two-thirds of global poultry meat production.

     

    Despite the increase in brooder capacity in China and the resulting increase in day-old chick production, due to Costs, especially feed costs, production growth increased from 7% in 2010 to 3% in 2011, while the Chinese government imposed export restrictions to support domestic production and the price of other types of meat was also high. In the European Union in 2011, due to the implementation of new rules on poultry welfare, there was a very small increase in the production of poultry meat. The increase in production in Brazil and the United States is due to the high demand for poultry meat due to its cheapness compared to other types of meat.

    Chicken meat imports by Japan will reach 820,000 tons for the first time due to the decrease in production and the change of consumer taste towards poultry meat. In South Africa, the expiration of the 10-year anti-dumping tariff agreement with the United States may increase imports. Despite the decrease in imports by some countries due to the increase in imports of other countries, the amount of imports will not change much in general. In the European Union, in response to a change in the definition of the use of frozen poultry meat and uncertainties about the EU licensing system that was implemented in 2010. The amount of imports is expected to decrease.

    Middle Eastern countries have the highest per capita consumption of chicken meat in the world. It is predicted that in 2011, Qatar will have the highest per capita consumption of chicken meat with 88 kg per capita consumption. After Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (with 59 kg), Kuwait (with 59 kg), Bahrain (with 54 kg), Brazil (with 47 kg), Hong Kong (with 47 kg), Jamaica (with 45 kg), the United States of America (with 45 kg), Saudi Arabia (with 44 kg) and Malaysia (with 37 kg), the ten countries with the highest per capita consumption in 2011

    broiler chicken

    Abstract:

    In order to evaluate two methods of different levels of sesame meal diets based on digestible amino acids and total amino acid with phytase on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was conducted. 360 day-old broiler chicks of 12 treatments, 3 replicates and 10 chicks in each replicate were allocated. Chickens for 42 days in a completely randomized design with 2 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment and three levels of sesame meal (zero, 12 and 24%) and both total and digestible amino acid-based diets with two levels, were cultured in the presence or absence of the enzyme phytase. All experimental diets containing minimal amounts of nutrients recommended by the National Association for the feeding studies (1994, NRC), respectively. The results showed that the interaction between different levels of sesame meal, and phytase on body weight gain, feed conversion, feed intake was significant development in different weeks (P>0.05). Sesame meal at 24% weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion and carcass weight of some components of the breeding week was 12% compared to the zero level (P>0.05). Using diets based on total amino acids increased weight, increased food intake and decreased feed conversion and carcass weight of components (P>0.05). The use of phytase increased feed consumption and weight gain in some parts of the carcass (P>0.05).

  • Contents & References of The effect of different levels of sesame flour in diets based on total and digestible amino acids with phytase on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.

    List:

    Abstract. 1

    Chapter One: General Research 2

    1- Introduction. 3

    Chapter Two: Literature and Research Background 11

    2-1- Broiler. 12

    2-1-1- Classification. 12

    2-1-2- Broiler breeds. 13

    2-1-2-1- Plymouth Rook breed. 13

    2-1-2-2- Brahma breed 13

    2-1-2-3- Cornish breed. 13

    2-1-3- chicken meat. 13

    2-1-4- nutritional needs of broilers. 14

    2-2- Sesame seeds and flour. 16

    2-2-1- Botanical characteristics of sesame. 16

    2-2-2- The history of sesame. 18

    2-2-3- The economic importance of sesame. 18

    2-2-4- Sesame seed harvesting and oil extraction. 20

    2-2-5- nutritional characteristics of sesame seeds and flour. 20

    2-2-6- An overview of the research done on sesame flour. 25

    2-3- section of amino acids. 28

    2-3-1- ability to absorb amino acids. 29

    2-3-2- Ability to absorb amino acids in poultry 29

    2-3-3- The effect of digestive tract microorganisms on digestibility. 30

    2-4-phytic acid and phytase enzyme 31

    2-4-1-phytic acid and its structure. 32

    2-4-1-1- Methods of reducing phytic acid. 36

    2-4-2- phytase enzyme 37

    2-4-2-1- sources of phytase 39

    2-4-2-2- the effect of microbial phytase on the bioavailability of nutrients. 42

    The third chapter: research method. 44

    3-1- Place and time of testing. 45

    3-2- Preparing the hall. 45

    3-3- breeding management. 46

    3-4- Preparation of sesame flour. 47

    3-5- Natafos phytase enzyme. 47

    3-6- Preparation of fertilizer and rations 48

    3-7- Research method. 50

    3-8- Measurement of traits. 51

    3-8-1- Measurement of consumed feed. 51

    3-8-2- Measurement of body weight gain. 52

    3-8-3- Measurement of food conversion coefficient. 53

    3-9-6- Measurement of weight percentage of liver, heart and stone. 53

    3-9-7- Measurement of breast percentage. 54

    3-9-8- Measuring the percentage of thighs 54

    Chapter four: data analysis. 55

    4-1- Body weight increase. 56

    4-2- Feed consumption. 59

    4-3- food conversion factor. 62

    4-4- Characteristics of the carcass. 64

    Chapter five: discussion, conclusions and suggestions. 67

    5-1- Discussion. 68

    5-2-Conclusion. 69

    5-3- Suggestions. 70

    Sources and reference:. 71

     

     

    Source:

     

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    2- Azadegan Mehr, M., Shams Sharq, M., Dastar, B., Hosni, S. 2016. The effect of different levels of protein and protoxin on the performance of broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14: 185-174.

    3- J. P., F. Demelo, 1378, first edition, Amino acids in animal nutrition, Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

    4- S.Leason, J.D. Summers, 1378, second edition, poultry nutrition, Abolqasem Galian, Mohammad Salar Moini, Kausar Economic Organization Publication.

    5- Eskandari Shiri, N. 1377. Investigating the possibility of using different amounts of sesame flour in feeding broilers. Master thesis, Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Karaj.

    6- Dastar, B. White soil, A. and Mustafa Lo, Y. 2018. The effect of Tepax probiotic and dietary protein level on the performance of broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques and Natural Resources. 12: 401-393.

    7- Dastar, B., Galian, A., Danesh Mesgaran, M., Iftekhari Shahroudi, F., Kermanshahi, H. 2015. The effect of reducing the protein level of the starter diet on performance, efficiency of energy use and protein of broiler chickens. Agricultural Knowledge Journal 207 p.

    8- Zakainia, F. 2013. The effect of different levels of canola meal with phytase enzyme on the performance of broiler chickens. Master thesis, Isfahan University of Technology. Faculty of Agriculture.

    9- Zohri. AD, 1379, 11th edition, Principles of Poultry Breeding, Tehran University Press. 10- Rahimian. yes, once F, Taghani. M. and Tababaei, S. 2017. The effect of increased levels of sesame flour along with phytase enzyme on the performance of broiler chickens. The third national congress of recycling and use of renewable organic resources in agriculture.

    11- Zind Rooh Kermani, Mirsalimi, M. 1374. Physiology of birds, Publications of the Education and Research Unit of the Deputy Ministry of Agriculture, organizationPhysiology of birds, Publications of Education and Research Unit of Agriculture Deputy, Kausar Economic Organization (translation) pp. 457-477.

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    19- Abdel-Mageed, M. A. A; S. A. M. Shabaan; and Nadia, M. A. El-Bahy. 2009. Effect of Threonine Supplementation on Japanese Quail Fed Various Levels of Protein and Sulfur Amino Acids. 2. Laying Period. Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol (29) (III): (805-819).

    20- Afinah, S., Yazid, A.M., Anis Shobirin, M. H. And Shuhaimi, M. 2010. Phytase: application in food industry (Review Article). International Food Research Journal 17: 13-21.

    21- Agbulu, O. N., A.M, Gyau and J. B, Abakura. 2010. Effect of the Replacement of Sesame Seed for Methionine in Broiler Production in Middle Belt Region - Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) 1 (1): 16-21.

    22- Ahmed, F., Rahman, M.S. Ahmed, S.U.  and Miah, M.Y. 2004. Performance of Broiler on Phytase Supplemented Soybean Meal Based Diet. International Journal of Poultry Science 3 (4): 266-271.

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    24- Angel, R., Tamim, N.M., Applegate, T.J., Dhandu, A.S.  and Ellestad, L.E.  2002. Phytic Acid Chemistry: Influence on Phytin-Phosphorus Availability and Phytase Efficacy.  journal Poultry Science Association, Inc 11:471–4803.

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The effect of different levels of sesame flour in diets based on total and digestible amino acids with phytase on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.
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