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  3. Investigating the effects of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield and amount of the essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant

Investigating the effects of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield and amount of the essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant

Number of pages: 104 File Format: word File Code: 32492
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Chemical fertilizers - essential oil - medicinal plant - Medicinal plant essential oil - of you - Organic fertilizers - Summer savory - vermicompost
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  • Summary of Investigating the effects of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield and amount of the essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant

    Abstract

    This research is aimed at investigating the effect of different organic and chemical fertilizer treatments on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the summer savory medicinal plant and its essential oil in the form of a factorial experiment and in the form of a completely randomized block design with four replications and 7 treatments, including: the control sample treatment (without fertilizer use), the vermicompost treatment, the completely rotted sheep manure treatment and four Chemical fertilizer treatment with the combination of the main elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different quantities was carried out in the agricultural station of Qaimshahr in 2013.

    During this research, the height of the plant at the flowering stage, the number of side branches of the plant, the number of flowers on each plant, fresh weight of branches and stems (grams), fresh weight of flowers and leaves (grams), total fresh weight of plants (grams), dry weight of branches and stems (grams), dry weight Flowers and leaves (grams), total dry weight of the plant (grams), the amount and percentage of the essential oil were determined using the Cloninger machine and the type and composition of the essential oil was determined using the GC copper machine. The highest number of essential oil compounds in terms of diversity and amount of effective substance was observed in the control treatment, treatment four with combined chemical fertilizers - NPK (60, 50, 50), treatment six with combined chemical fertilizers - NPK (60, 50, 80) and the least diversity of essential oil compounds was observed in animal manure treatment, vermicompost fertilizer treatment and treatment seven with combined chemical fertilizers - NPK (80, 70, 80). The highest amount of essential oil compounds compared to other fertilizer treatments was obtained in animal manure treatment, vermicompost fertilizer treatment and Haft treatment with combined chemical fertilizers - NPK (80,70,80).

    The results of this research showed that the main components of summer savory essential oil in this study: bicycloheptane, benzene dicarboxylic acid, phenol, di-n-octyl phthalate and gamma - terpinen.

    Also, the results showed that the role of organic fertilizers: vermicompost and sheep animal manure was positive compared to chemical fertilizers.

    In general, the use of sheep animal manure and vermicompost improved the growth characteristics and the amount of essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant and can be effective in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and reducing environmental pollution. and play a useful role in the production of healthy herbal products as well as in the organic and natural production of medicinal plants that have food, medical and cosmetic uses. 

    Key words: essential oil, organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, medicinal plant, summer savory.

     

    -1- Introduction

    Medicinal plants are plants that one or some of their organs contain active substances that have bioactivating effects in living organisms. Also, planting, keeping and harvesting of these plants is done in order to use their effective substances (Fattahi, 2009). Medicinal plants have three practical aspects: medicinal, spice and aromatic (Omidbeigi, 2018). Economic factors are one of the most important factors in the production, cultivation and processing of medicinal plants and the herbal medicine production industry. According to the statistics and figures reported in different sources, the production of medicinal plants has a higher added value compared to other agricultural and garden plants. Also, due to the global acceptance of the use of herbal medicines, the pharmaceutical industry in this sector has also experienced a good economic boom (Omidbigi, 2014). Summer savory is a one-year plant and winter savory is a perennial and evergreen plant that is widely cultivated and used as a spice to flavor foods and as a fresh vegetable or as green tea, and these two species have taken a large part of the savory trade The summer savory species is native to southern Europe, but it has been naturally established in part of North America. The origin of the origin (flavor) is the third geological period, which has been spread in dry habitats since this period. Summer savory medicinal plant as an invigorating stimulant, to strengthen the stomach, disinfect, facilitate digestion and so on. is used. According to some reports, Marzah has been used to treat cancer.. The main compounds found in summer salt and winter salt are phenolic thymol and carvacrol compounds. In addition, there are other monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds in their essential oils (Jemzad, 2008). The place where Marzeh grows in Iran includes North-West, Tabriz, Khoy, Arsbaran and various parts of Khorasan. This plant is cultivated as an edible vegetable and its dry use in spices is common in different parts of Iran (Salehi Surmoghi, 2015). Due to the importance of this research, it is necessary to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the yield, quantity and quality of the active substances of the summer sweet medicinal plant and its application in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic industries and its economic importance. Organic: vermicompost and animal (sheep) and chemical fertilizers: nitrogen (urea), phosphorus and potassium on the growth and performance of the summer sweet medicinal plant and in order to determine the best fertilizer treatment and its effect on the amount of essential oil obtained and some other quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the summer sweet. The specific objectives of this research: Investigating the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth and performance of the summer savory medicinal plant. Investigating the effect of chemical fertilizers on the growth and performance of the summer savory plant. Investigating the amount and composition of essential oil in the treatments of organic fertilizers of summer savory plant. Investigating the amount and composition of essential oil in chemical fertilizer treatments of summer savory plant. The practical purpose of this research: to determine the best combination of organic fertilizer in order to increase the growth and increase the essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant. The final goal of this research: determining the best combination of organic fertilizer in order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and help preserve the environment and produce organic (natural) and healthy food products. Research hypotheses: organic fertilizers have an effect on the growth, quantity and performance of the summer savory medicinal plant. Chemical fertilizers also have an effect on the growth, quantity and performance of summer savory medicinal plants. Organic fertilizers are effective on the amount of effective substances and the quality of the essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant. Chemical fertilizers have an effect on the amount of effective substances and the quality of the essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant. The vegetative characteristics of the savory medicinal plant are different under the influence of different organic fertilizer treatments. The vegetative characteristics of the savory medicinal plant are different under the influence of different chemical fertilizer treatments. Chemical and organic fertilizer treatments affect the quality and quantity of the essential oil of the savory plant. The treatments of the control samples that were grown naturally and without the use of different chemical and organic fertilizers have different values ??in terms of the aerial organs and the amount of essential oil obtained, with the samples of the treatments that were grown with chemical and organic fertilizers in terms of the growth rate and the amount of effective substances. The importance and necessity of conducting research: Today, conducting research on reducing the amount of use of chemicals (fertilizers and poisons) in the production of crops and the production of healthy natural and organic food products can help human health and protect the environment. The use of organic materials and organic cultivation is widely used today because chemical fertilizers can act as one of the environmental pollutants and endanger the environment. Therefore, the use of organic materials and determining their concentration can increase the production and performance of plants and reduce the damage caused by chemical fertilizers. The production and cultivation of summer savory medicinal plant, which has medical, food and cosmetic applications, expresses its economic importance. Considering the medicinal and therapeutic properties of the summer savory plant and the effects of its active ingredients and essential oil, the need to conduct wider research, the production and marketing of various products of this plant doubles. Due to the economic importance of the production and breeding of the summer savory medicinal plant, which has medical, food and cosmetic applications, and the added value of the summer savory plant essence and its medicinal properties, this plant was selected with the guidance of the respected professors. Today, in order to produce healthy agricultural products, the use of organic materials and fertilizers and organic cultivation have found many applications, because chemical fertilizers cause environmental pollution and cause irreparable damage to the environment and human health.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effects of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield and amount of the essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant

    List:

    Abstract 1

    Chapter One: General Research

    1-1- Introduction. 3

    1-2- Objectives. 4

    1-3- Introduction of Nanaiyan dark. 6

    1-3-1- The history of summer savory. 7

    1-3-2- Introduction of summer savory species. 7

    1-3-3- Botanical characteristics of summer savory. 8

    1-3-4- Savory summer ecology. 9

    1-3-5- Growth and development of summer savory. 9

    1-3-6- therapeutic properties of summer savory. 11

    1-3-7- Production and consumption status of summer savory and its economic importance. 12

    1-4- History of medicinal plants. 13

    1-4-1- Introduction of medicinal plants. 14

    1-4-2- The importance of cultivation and production of medicinal plants. 15

    1-4-3- important problems of cultivation, production and consumption of medicinal plants. 17

    1-4-4- Factors limiting the cultivation and production and consumption of medicinal plants. 18

    1-4-5- drying medicinal plants. 19

    1-4-6- Introducing plant essential oils and their extraction methods. 20

    1-5- Introducing the main nutritional and chemical elements of soil. 24

    1-5-1-nitrogen (urea) 25

    1-5-2-potassium. 26

    1-5-3- phosphorus 28

    1-5-4- chemical fertilizer and its importance and application. 29

    1-5-5- Animal manure and its importance and application. 30

    1-5-6- vermicompost fertilizer and its importance and application. 31

    1-5-7- The use of chemical fertilizers on the growth characteristics of medicinal plants. 33

    1-5-8- The use of animal fertilizers on the growth characteristics of medicinal plants. 34

    1-5-9- The use of vermicompost fertilizers on the growth characteristics of medicinal plants. 35

    1-5-10- Combined use of organic (vermicompost and animal) and chemical fertilizers on the growth characteristics of medicinal plants 36

    Chapter two: Literature and research background

    Chapter three: Research process

    3-1- Introducing the geographical and climatic characteristics of the study area. 50

    3-2- Type of plan used in treatments 50

    3-3- Planting operation of summer flavor. 51

    3-4- Operation had a summer taste. 51

    3-5- summer savory harvesting operation. 52

    3-6- How to dry summer savory plant. 52

    3-7- How to extract the essential oil of summer savory. 52

    3-8- Assessed traits. 53

    3-8-1- The height of the plant in the flowering stage (cm) 53

    3-8-2- The number of sub-branches. 53

    3-8-3- Number of flowers on each plant 53

    3-8-4- Wet weight of branches and stems (grams) 54

    3-8-5- Wet weight of flowers and leaves (grams) 54

    3-8-6- Total weight of plants (grams) 54

    3-8-7- Dry weight of branches and stems (grams) 54

    3-8-8- Dry weight of flowers and leaves (grams) 54

    3-8-9- Total dry weight of the plant (grams) 54

    3-8-10- Amount and amount of essential plant compounds (ml) 54

    3-9- Data analysis 54

    Chapter 4: Research findings

    4-1- Case characteristics Evaluation. 58

    4-1-1- Plant height (centimeters) 59

    4-1-2- Number of side branches of the plant 60

    4-1-3- Number of flowers on each plant 61

    4-1-4- Fresh weight of branches and stems (grams) 62

    4-1-5- Fresh weight of flowers and leaves (grams) 63

    4-1-6- Total weight of the plant (grams) 64

    4-1-7- Dry weight of branches and stems (grams) 65

    4-1-8- Dry weight of flowers and leaves (grams) of the plant 66

    4-1-9- Total dry weight of the plant (grams) 67

    4-1-10- Amount of essential oil of the plant (ml) 68

    4-2- The compounds obtained from the essential oil of the summer savory plant in different fertilizer treatments. 69

    4-2-1- Evaluation of the compounds obtained from the essential oil of the summer savory plant in the control treatment. 70

    4-2-2- Evaluation of the compounds obtained from the essential oil of the summer savory plant in the treatment of animal manure. 71

    4-2-3- Evaluation of the compounds obtained from the essential oil of summer savory plant in vermicompost treatment. 72

    4-2-4- Evaluation of the compounds obtained from the essential oil of the summer savory plant in treatment four - NPK (60,50,50) 73

    4-2-5- Evaluation of the compounds obtained from the essential oil of the summer savory plant in the five treatment - NPK (80,70,50) 74

    4-2-6- Evaluation of the compounds obtained from the essence of the savory plant Summer plant in treatment six - NPK (60,50,80) 75

    4-2-7- Evaluation of the compounds obtained from the essential oil of summer plant in treatment seven - NPK (80,70,80) 76

    4-2-8- Comparison of alpha-Thujene substance in different treatments. 77

    4-2-9- Comparison of Alpha-pinene substance in different treatments. 78

    4-2-10- Comparison of beta-myrcene substance78

    4-2-10- Comparison of beta-myrcene substance in different treatments. 79

    4-2-11- Comparison of alpha-terpinen substance in different treatments. 80

    4-2-12- Comparison of gamma-terpinene substance in different treatments. 81

    4-2-13- Comparison of Phenol substance in different treatments. 82

    4-2-14- Comparison of bicyclogermacrene substance in different treatments. 83

    4-2-15- Comparison of bete-bisabolene substance in different treatments. 84

    4-2-16- Comparison of Di-n-octylph thalate substance in different treatments. 85

    4-2-17- Comparison of substance 1, 2- Benzenedicarboxylic acid in different treatments. 86

    4-2-18- Comparison of Trance-anethole substance in different treatments. 87

    4-2-19- Comparison of Benzene substance in different treatments. 88

    4-3- Correlation results and discussion between investigated traits. 89

    Chapter five: discussion and conclusion

    Discussion and interpretation 90

    General conclusion. 98

    Suggestions. 99

    Resources. 100

    Appendices and diagrams 106

    English abstract. . 123

     

    Source:

    - Azartivand, Hossein, Zaroa Chahoki, Mohammad Ali, 1387, Improvement of Pastures, Tehran University Publications.

    2- Tzat Ekhtaari, Ashkan, 1390, Identification of Pasture Plants, Islamic Azad University Publications, Baft Branch.

    3- Omid Beigi, Reza, 1374, Approaches Production and processing of medicinal plants, Feker Rooz Publishing House, first edition. 4- Omid Beigi, Reza, 1388, Production and processing of medicinal plants, Qods Razavi Province Publications - to be published, first volume, fifth edition. Alexandra, Benites, Jose, 1391, Importance of soil organic matter, Asgari, Hamid Reza, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Publications.

    7- Hosnizadeh, Hassan, 1389, Growing vegetables in the garden and home, Kian Publications, Iran.

    8- Hakimi Meybodi, Mohammad Hossein, Baman Mirjalili, Ali, 1384, Pasture plants in pastures, Publishing Institute Yazd. 9- Jamzad, Ziba, 1388, Iran's thymes and spices, Publications of the Country Forests and Pastures Research Institute, first edition. 10- Khajepour, Mohammad Reza, 1380, Principles and Basics of Agriculture, Isfahan Industrial Unit Jihad Publishing Center, 4th edition. Mortei, Ayezh publisher. 12- D-Foot, Henry, 1380, Basics of Soil Science, Mahmoudi, Shahla, Hakimian, Massoud, Tehran University Press, 4th edition. 13- Dozazdeh Emami, Saeed, Majnoon Hosseini, Nasser, 1387, Agriculture and Production of Some Medicinal and Spice Plants, Tehran University Press, 2nd edition. 14- Zargari, Ali, 1376, Medicinal Plants, Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University, 4th volume, 6th edition.

    15- Zazouli, Mohammad Ali, 1388, Principles of Compost Production Technology, Khaniran Publishing House.

    16- Saath, T. He, 1385, production methods of biological control agents for plant pests, biofertilizers and vermicompost, Vahedi, Hossein Ali, Beheshti Al-Agha, Ali, Razi University Press, Kermanshah.

    17- Samawat, Saeed, Pazhki, Alireza, Laden Moghadam, Alireza, Samawat, Samaneh, 1387, Applied Principles of Organic Materials in Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Press, Garmsar Branch.

    18- Silespoor, Mohsen, Mamzi, Mohammad Reza, 1385, Management of Nitrogen Consumption in Vegetable and Summer Crops, Merz Danesh Publications, 1st Edition.

    19- Siadat, Seyyed Atta Allah, Moradi Rezat, Mohammad Reza, 1389, Applied Aspects of Organic Agriculture, Agricultural Education and Extension Publications.

    20- Salehi Surmaghi, Mohammad Hossein, 1385, Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapy, Duniya Publications. Nutrition. 21- Safai, Laili, Afioi, Daoud, 2013, Thyme medicinal plant, agriculture and uses, Nasuh Publications. 22- Fatahi, Mohammad, Fatahi, Bahman, 2009, Basics of medicinal plants, Jihad University Publications, Tehran Branch. Jahan, Safai Khorram, Mehdi, Jafarnia, Sasan, Khosrow Shahi, Sara, Iran Green Agriculture Education Complex Publication.

    24- Ghasemi, Abdullah, 1388, Medicinal and aromatic plants, knowledge and investigation of their effects, Shahrekord Branch Azad University Publications.

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    26- Kianmehr, Hormoz Diyar, 1387, knowledge of medicinal plants, Aizh Publications, first edition.

Investigating the effects of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield and amount of the essential oil of the summer savory medicinal plant
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