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  3. Comparison of the effect of ethanol extract of the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum with 17-alpha methyltestosterone on sperm quality indicators in male mullet (Poecilia latipinna).

Comparison of the effect of ethanol extract of the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum with 17-alpha methyltestosterone on sperm quality indicators in male mullet (Poecilia latipinna).

Number of pages: 74 File Format: word File Code: 32105
Year: 2016 University Degree: PhD Category: Medical Sciences
Tags/Keywords: 17- alpha methyl testosterone - Alpinia officinarum - Ethanol extract - Fish reproduction - Fish testicular tissue - Kholanjan - Male molly fish - Molly fish - Rhododendron rhizome - Testosterone
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  • Summary of Comparison of the effect of ethanol extract of the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum with 17-alpha methyltestosterone on sperm quality indicators in male mullet (Poecilia latipinna).

    Dissertation

    To receive a Ph.D degree in Pharmacy

    Persian summary

    In this research, the effects of 17-alpha methyl testosterone and the extract of hollanjan plant on the reproductive system and the adrenal system (cortisol hormone) were investigated in adult male mullet. For this purpose, after dechlorinating the water of the aquariums, 100 pieces of adult male Molly fish with an average weight of 1 ± 3 grams were released in the aquarium. Fish adaptation was done for 48 hours. Then the physicochemical factors of water such as temperature, pH, water hardness and oxygen pressure were calculated.  The experiment was done in 10 groups. (2 control groups and 8 treatment groups) Each group included 10 pieces of adult male fish. Different doses of kholanjan extract and 17-alpha-methyltestosterone were injected in the amount of 0.02 ml each time, and kholanjan-treated fish received plant extract with doses of 10, 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg, and 17-alpha-methyltestosterone treated fish with doses of 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. The injection was done intramuscularly in the dorsal fin muscle every other day for 20 days. Then the fish were killed. Their testicular tissue was separated and fixed in 10% formalin. The biometric tests of the fish included length and weight measurements. Then the histological comparison of the testicles of the treatments and the control groups was done. The results showed that the gonado-somatic index increased in two doses of 30 and 50 mg of the hollanjan plant.

    The examination of the results indicates that the hollanjan plant extract in all treatments such as 17-alpha methyl testosterone increased sperm maturation and the final maturity of the fish.

    Key words: hollanjan, 17-alpha methyl Testosterone, testicles, molly fish

    Necessity and importance of the topic:

    Testosterone is a hormone that has been used as a medicine to treat hypogonadism in men in the past few years. Among the properties of water, it can be mentioned that it does not affect the liver and most of the internal organs, but due to its effect on the prostate, in some cases it causes prostate hyperplasia and increased pressure on the urinary tract, resulting in a decrease in urine volume (1). Among the properties of the plants of this family, we can mention the effect of increasing the activity in the male reproductive system. (2)

    This plant contains flavonoids that have different effects, including antioxidant effects and fertility enhancing effects. (3)

    Imbal production in fish is controlled by endogenous processes (4) There are two strategies for inducing reproduction in fish. The first strategy is to provide an environment similar to what is needed in nature for reproduction. The second strategy of hormone injection is through natural reproductive hormones or synthetic analog hormones (5).

    Given that the effect of the mulberry plant on the reproductive system of fish has not been investigated so far, the effect of 17-alpha methyl testosterone and the rhizome extract of the mulberry plant was investigated and compared in the testicular tissue of adult male molly fish.

    1-2 statement of the problem

    Testosterone is one of the sex hormones that, in addition to affecting the reproductive system, increases bone and muscle mass and increases insulin sensitivity. Also, in men whose blood testosterone levels are low, improvements in mood are observed as a result of testosterone consumption.

    Many older men show signs of increased energy levels, sexual activity, and improved mood as a result of testosterone replacement therapy.

    Karen Herbst, an endocrinologist, predicts that 1 in 10 men will respond well to They show testosterone therapy, but in general, people's response to testosterone is different.

    Among the side effects of testosterone, we can mention a benign increase in the size of the prostate, sleep apnea, the formation of blood clots, and heart failure. This plant also increased the level of testosterone in the blood of the tested mice. (2)

    Molly fish with the scientific name Poecilia latipinna belongs to the category of viviparous fish. The length of this fish is 5 to 10 cm and the suitable temperature for keeping it is 22 to 26 degrees Celsius (7) The testicle tissue of this fish was examined in this research. Testosterone has an effect on sperm quality indicators in mature male mullet fish.

    Other goals of the project include the following:

    1- Investigating the effect of mollusk on gonadosomatic index in mullet fish

    2- Investigating the effect of mollusk on sperm quality indices in mullet fish

    3- Investigating the effect of kholanjan on the average testis length in molly fish

    4- Investigating the effect of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone on gonadosomatic index in molly fish

    5- Investigating the effect of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone on sperm quality indicators in molly fish

    6- Investigating the effect of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone on the average length of the testis in molly fish

     

     

    1 Physiology of reproduction in fish

    Fish, like other living organisms, must compromise with their environment in order to ensure the survival and expansion of the generation. (8) The habit of reproduction is the most vital adaptation of fish to the environment to ensure the survival of the respective species. The behavioral patterns of each fish species in reproduction depends on the age or time of reaching sexual maturity, breeding season, breeding places and the way of reproduction (9). The reproductive system of fish is a set of organs that continues its cycle under the guidance and command of the nervous and hormonal system. Among the most important internal or physiological factors that affect fish reproduction, we can mention the endocrine factors and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (19) The basic hormones that fish have in the reproduction phenomenon are:

    1- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

    2- Gonadotropin hormones which are one of the hormones It is the maturation of the eggs, which is equivalent to FsH in humans, and the other is the yolk-forming hormone, which is equivalent to LH in humans.

    3- Gonadotropin-inhibiting factor (GnIH)

    This hormone is produced in the anterior-lateral area of ??the P.A area (Preoptic area).

    4- Melatonin

    How it works in fish is not well known. In this study comparison between effect of 17 a-methyl testosterone and galangal extract on male pocillia latipinna reproductive system and adrenal hormone (cortisol) were investigated. For this purpose, after dechlorinating the water of aquariums, 100 mature fishes with mean weight of 1±3 gr were released in aquariums. Adaptation of fishes for 48 hours were done. Then physicochemical factors such as water temperature, pH, water hardness and (DO) were determined. The experiments were performed in 10 groups (2 control and 8 treated groups), each group consisted of 10 pieces of fish that were male and mature. Different doses of galangal extract and 17a-methyl testosterone (low dose, medium dose, high dose) were injected 0.02 ml each time. Main fish treatments received 4 doses of galangal extract with 10, 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg and 17 a-methyl testosterone with 1,5,10,20 mg/kg.

  • Contents & References of Comparison of the effect of ethanol extract of the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum with 17-alpha methyltestosterone on sperm quality indicators in male mullet (Poecilia latipinna).

    List:

    Persian summary. 1

    Chapter One: Generalities

    1-1 Necessity and importance of the subject: 3

    1-2 Statement of the problem. 4

    1-3 research objectives. 5

    Chapter Two: review of other texts and studies in this field

    2-1 Physiology of reproduction in fish. 7

    2-2 axis hypothalamus - pituitary - gonad. 8

    2-3- Hypothalamus. 8

    2-3-1 – hypothalamic hormones. 9

    2-4- Pituitary gland 9

    2-4-1- gonadotropin hormone (GtH) 10

    2-4-2 - factors affecting GtH-I and Gth-II. 11

    2-5- reproductive system. 12

    2-5-1 Testicular morphology. 14

    2-5-2- Testicular histology. 15

    2-6 spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. 15

    6-2-1- Other cellular components. 18

    2-7- Testicular seasonal cycles. 18

    2-8 Introduction of horsetail plant (Alpinia officinarum Hance) 21

    2-9. Androgens 22

    2-10. How to inject hormones into the fish body. 22

    Water suitable for use in aquarium. 23

    2-11. Vibrant aquarium fish 24

    2-12. Introduction of Molly fish. 26

    Physico-chemical properties: 26

    2-13. How to identify Molly's gender. 27

    2-14-Using Molly fish as a model in biological and toxicological studies. 28

    Chapter Three: Materials and Methods

    3-1 Devices and Tools Required 32

    3-2 Required Materials 32

    3-3 Work Method 34

    3-3-1 Preparation of Fishes and Aquariums 34

    3-3-2 Treatment. 35

    3-3-3 How to prepare medicine. 35

    3-3-4 how to extract the extract from the rhizome of the kholanjan plant. 36

    3-4-1 Anesthetizing the fish. 36

    3-4-2 injection steps. 37

    3-4-3 fish anatomy. 37

    3-5 steps of preparing tissue sections. 39

    3-6- Measurement of steroid levels. 43

    2-7- determination of gonadosomatic index (GSI) 44

    3-8 statistical studies. 44

    Chapter Four: Results (including the results of graphs and statistical tables)

    4-1 - Checking the weight and length of fish. 46

    4-2 GSI gonadosomatic index results. 52

    4-3 Results of steroid levels. 54

    4-3-1. Testosterone level results. 54

    4-3-2 Cortisol level results. 56

    4-4. Results of gonad length investigation. 59

    4-5- Histological results of fish testis. 61

    Chapter Five: Discussion and Conclusion

    5-1. Discussion and conclusion. 69

    5-1-2 Checking the GSI index. 70

    5-1-3. Examining the results of hormonal assays. 70

    5-1-4. Examining testicular histological results. 72

    5-2. Final conclusion. 73

    Suggestion. 74

    English summary..79

    Resources. 76

     

    Source:

     

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Comparison of the effect of ethanol extract of the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum with 17-alpha methyltestosterone on sperm quality indicators in male mullet (Poecilia latipinna).
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