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  3. Investigating the increase of micro RNA 21 (miR-21) in the serum of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma

Investigating the increase of micro RNA 21 (miR-21) in the serum of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma

Number of pages: 68 File Format: word File Code: 32074
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Biology - Environment
Tags/Keywords: cancer - Gastric adenocarcinoma - Micro RNA - mir-21 - staging - Staging - Stomach cancer - tumor
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  • Summary of Investigating the increase of micro RNA 21 (miR-21) in the serum of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma

    Master's thesis in the field of genetics

    Hypotheses:

    Given that miR-21 is produced by gastric cancer tumor tissue more than healthy tissue, it is expected that its serum level will be significantly higher in patients compared to control subjects and this increase with stage Staging of gastric adenocarcinoma in patients.

    -Is the level of miR-21 in serum a reliable marker for early diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma compared to control subjects? Is it more advanced?

    -Is the high expression of miR-21 directly related to cancer progression?

    Overall objective:

    Correlation of miR-21 levels in serum with diagnostic and clinicopathological parameters (such as tumor staging) in patients with adenocarcinoma Stomach

    Specific objectives:

    - Determining the amount of miR-21 in the serum of people with gastric adenocarcinoma

    - Determining the amount of miR-21 in the serum of control subjects

    - The relationship between the amount of miR-21 in the serum and tumor staging in patients

    - Determination of tumor staging (stagings I, II, III and IV) of people with gastric adenocarcinoma Diagnosis of miR-21 level in serum as a non-invasive biomarker in early diagnosis (early stages of tumor) of gastric adenocarcinoma and also distinguishing patients from control subjects. MicroRNAs are also implicated in many human cancers, and appear to act as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. In this study, the relationship between the level of mir-21 in the serum of sick and healthy people and the relationship between the high expression of this microRNA with tumor staging and cancer progression was done for the first time in Iran on gastric adenocarcinoma.                                       

    Methodology: In this study, 40 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma cancer and 40 patients who referred due to gastrointestinal discomfort but were healthy or non-cancerous after the diagnosis were also selected as the control group. The amount of miR-21 in their serum was measured using Real-Time PCR technique and the relationship between the expression of this micro RNA with tumor staging and cancer progression was evaluated.

    Conclusion: Considering the role of mir-21 in the progression of gastric cancer and other cancers and considering its relationship with clinicopathological factors, it can be introduced as a new diagnostic marker and as a non-invasive method in the early diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. In this review, mir-21 has an oncogenic role that can be used to measure the progress of gastric cancer by measuring its level in the serum of patients. Keywords: gastric adenocarcinoma, microRNA, mir-21. Introduction.

    Key words: gastric adenocarcinoma, microRNA, mir-21

    Introduction

    Cancer is the result of cells leaving the correct regulatory, proliferation, and differentiation pathways. Self-efficacy in growth signals, insensitivity to growth inhibitory signals, avoidance of programmed cell death, unlimited proliferation potential, preservation of angiogenesis and tissue invasion and metastasis lead to cancer malignancy. The interaction of micro RNAs with target genes determines their role in growth, programmed death, differentiation and cell proliferation and confirms the direct function of micro RNA in cancer. The expression of predominant microRNAs can be used to classify cancers into groups with different characteristics such as cell type and etiology. The use of micro RNA for tumor classification is far more suitable than mRNA, this is due to the incomplete coupling between micro RNA and target mRNAs, hence micro RNA micrometers can detect the expression of several hundreds of genes and thus multiple pathways in a sample, while they only need small amounts of total RNA. The structure of micro RNAs and their function show that many micro RNAs are abnormally expressed in cancer samples. In addition, functional differences between types of tumors and different stages of cancer are related to the expression of microRNAs. MicroRNA expression is related to clinical and biological features of tumor such as tissue type, differentiation, invasion and response to treatment. It is possible to use microRNAs as diagnostic indicators through the examination of human serum or plasma, therefore, it is possible to identify cancer microRNAs and tumor cells in serum or plasma without any invasive methods. With the exception of leukemia, malignant cells are easily available. For solid cancers, tissue sampling is done through biopsy or surgery, and since surgery is usually performed when the cancer has progressed significantly, its diagnosis is not very useful. In these cases, the use of micro RNAs that are closely related to malignant phenotypes as diagnostic markers is very helpful for diagnosing the disease in its early stages. Considering the fact that most of the common methods for screening cancer in the early stages are not able to detect the disease, the identification of tumor microRNAs that are released in the bloodstream during the gradual progress of the disease is considered a key method in the timely diagnosis of cancer. rtl;"> 

    Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new group of regulatory RNAs with approximately 22 nucleotides in length. The miRNAs have an important role in many human cancers and apparently act both as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.  In the present study, serum miR-21 level was determined in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and its relationship with tumor staging was assessed in the patients, for the first time, in Iran.

    Methods: The study was conducted on 40 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and 40 control subjects who had referred to Cancer Institute due to gastrointestinal irritation but diagnosed as healthy on noncancerous. Serum levels of miR-21 were measured using a quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. The relationship of serum miR-21 level with tumor staging was assessed in the patients.

    Results: Serum miR-21 level was approximately 3.5 fold higher in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma relative to control subjects (P < 0.0001). Increased level of serum miR-21 was associated with clinical stages of tumors in the patients (? = 0.56, P < 0.01).

    Conclusion: Given the importance of miR-21 in the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological factors, serum miR-21 level could serve as a new noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the increase of micro RNA 21 (miR-21) in the serum of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma

    List:

    Hypotheses.. 9

    Abstract .. 11

    Chapter One: General Research

    1-1- Introduction .. 12

    1-1- Familiarity with cancer .. 14

    1-2- Stomach cancer .. 15

    1-2-1- Signs and symptoms of cancer Stomach  15

    1-2-2- Causes of stomach cancer. 17

    1-2-3- Geographical distribution of stomach cancer in the world and Iran. 19

    1-2-4- Mortality.. 21

    1-2-5- Determining the stages of the disease.. 22

    1-2-6- Clinical course of the disease.. 24

    1-2-7- Relationship between stomach cancer and micro RNA.  25

    Chapter Two: An overview of the research done.  31

    Chapter Three: Materials and Methods

    3-1-1 Introduction Real Time PCR.  34

    3-1-2 Types of Real-Time PCR techniques. 35

    3-1-3 Quantitative analyzes in Real time PCR. 36

    3-1-4 Benefits of Sybr Green Real Time PCR. 36

    3-1-5 Melting curve.. 37

    3-1-6 Terms in Real time PCR. 38

    3-2 working method.. 38

    3-2-1 first step: patient selection. 39

    3-2-2 Second step: preparing serum from the patient. 39

    3-2-3 The third step: RNA extraction from serum. 39

    3-2-4 Preparation of necessary solutions for RNA extraction kit from serum. 40

    3-2-5 Evaluation of efficiency and quality of isolated RNA. 41

    3-2-6 reverse transcription reaction. 43

    3-2-7 Real Time PCR reaction. 44

    3-2-8 Determining the base signal.. 54

    3-2-8 Determining the threshold cycle.. 54

    3-2-8 Melting curve analysis.. 46

    3-3-1 Calculation of the amount of miRNA-21 of the samples under study. 47

    3-3-2 Statistical analysis of data.. 48

    Chapter Four: Results

    4-1 Characteristics of patients and their pathological characteristics. 49

    4-2 miRNA-21 marker expression status and its relationship with pathological factors. 50

    Chapter Five: Discussion and Conclusion

    5-1- Discussion .. 55

    5-2- Conclusion .. 61

    Sources .. 62

    English abstract

    Source:

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Investigating the increase of micro RNA 21 (miR-21) in the serum of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma
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