Comparison of the effect of continuous and regular performance of two types of swimming and badminton on the respiratory system of 10-15-year-old female athletes.

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education

Abstract:

Introduction:

Exercise has positive effects on the cardiovascular system and increases the ability of body muscles, in the meantime, the respiratory system also becomes more capable, swimming compared to other activities. Sports puts all parts of the body in a state of exercise and has a greater effect on the respiratory system of athletes. Since the respiratory part of the body is one of the vital and important parts, this research intends to take steps to prevent injuries and strengthen the benefits of exercise on the respiratory system by examining the issue and providing solutions. In fact, in this research, the effect of continuous and regular swimming and badminton on the respiratory system of 10 to 15-year-old female athletes who have had three training sessions a week for the past 3 years has been investigated, and appropriate strategies and solutions have been expressed and investigated in a discussion with the non-athlete group.

Research method:

This research is a semi-experimental research in 10-15-year-old professional swimmers and badminton athletes who regularly practiced 3 times a week for the past 3 years and the control group who did not have any regular sports activities will participate in this study as research samples. According to this research, people who have respiratory and nasal diseases or are exposed to pets, smokers, or detergents have been excluded from this research. In this plan, 3 groups of subjects include Control (20) swimmers (20), badminton (20) people, spirometry test will be taken. Then the results of these three groups will be compared using spss software. Findings:

Studying and assuming 1H will be a significant difference between these averages. Using the ANOVA test, it can be seen that in all the studied variables, the P-value is

Results:

By comparing these groups, it can be said that exercise can have favorable effects on the respiratory system and the volume There is a significant difference in the lung capacity of athletes who exercise continuously compared to non-athletes. And this difference is more in swimming athletes than in badminton athletes. Also, there is a significant difference between the volumes and lung capacities of female swimmers and badminton players and untrained people. In this way, the lungs should be able to respond to the increasing need of the body for oxygen at any time.

Key words: swimming, badminton, respiratory system

1 Introduction

The importance of physical activity in maintaining and promoting health has been proven. Reducing obesity, increasing cardiovascular fitness, and increasing muscle strength are some of the effects of exercise on improving health, but the effect of physical activity on breathing tests is not well known. Some studies have shown that continuous physical activity can improve the functioning of the respiratory system (1), on the other hand, physical activity has been proposed as a cause of bronchospasm [1] (2) so that a significant percentage of athletes without any history of asthma suffer from bronchospasm during or after exercise. A percentage of these people become symptomatic. This condition occurs after 10 minutes of sports activity to 30 minutes after stopping sports, but the maximum is between 5 and 10 minutes after stopping sports (3). This bronchospasm has even been seen in many professional athletes, for example, 11% of the members of the American national team (67 out of 597 athletes) in the 1984 Olympics and also 23% of American athletes participating in the Winter Olympics.Reducing obesity, increasing cardiovascular fitness, and increasing muscle strength are some of the effects of exercise on improving health, but the effect of physical activity on breathing tests is not well known. Some studies have shown that continuous physical activity can improve the functioning of the respiratory system (1), on the other hand, physical activity has been proposed as a cause of bronchospasm [1] (2) so that a significant percentage of athletes without any history of asthma suffer from bronchospasm during or after exercise. A percentage of these people become symptomatic. This condition occurs after 10 minutes of sports activity to 30 minutes after stopping sports, but the maximum is between 5 and 10 minutes after stopping sports (3). This bronchospasm has even been seen in many professional athletes, for example, 11% of the members of the American national team (67 out of 597 athletes) in the 1984 Olympics and also 23% of American athletes participating in the Winter Olympics. 1998 have been suffering from asthma or sports-related asthma, despite the many studies conducted, the issue of whether exercise and the type of physical activity causes bronchial spasms, or whether exercise is the basis for the effect of stimulants on the respiratory system, is being discussed (4) in cold weather, exercise increases the contact of the airways with dry and cold air, and in hot weather, it causes contact with plant pollens and professional pollutants, and the same issue causes spasms and contraction of the airways (5) due to the fact that during Exercise increases the need for oxygen and breathing, and the air circulation in the airways is greater. On the one hand, there is less opportunity to warm and humidify the air, and on the other hand, the contact with allergens increases, and in this way, the possibility of bronchospasm during exercise increases (6, 7). It seems that the term sports asthma is used and some studies have also interpreted a reduction of at least 6.5% as mild bronchospasm. Depending on the type of exercise and environmental conditions, it has been reported between 10 and 15% in people without a history of asthma and allergies, but the amount of spasm is definitely lower, which causes a smaller decrease in air capacity (2, 8). Any type of physical activity can cause changes in breathing tests, but in some sports that are associated with fast movements and explosive start, the oxygen consumption in the athlete during exercise is more and as a result requires more activity of the respiratory system, and logically the effect of exercise on this system should also be greater (9). Sports are generally sports that are performed in cold and dry weather, such as skiing and ice hockey, or sports that require a high volume of ventilation, such as basketball and American football, tennis, badminton, cycling and endurance. The second category of sports that lasts a short time, such as weightlifting and combat sports, or are not of high intensity, such as golf, volleyball, and swimming (10, 11), few studies have been done on the rapid effect of exercise on breathing tests of athletes in other countries. In the conducted studies, very little attention has been paid to teenage athletes and their respiratory system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of regular regular badminton and swimming exercises on the respiratory system of girls and compare it with the effect of lack of regular sports activity on the respiratory system of 10-15-year-old girls. 1-1-1 The relationship between exercise and the respiratory system It is clear and obvious. Motorized cars need more gas for fast movements. The human body also needs more power and energy to move fast. This energy is obtained by the metabolism of food against oxygen, that is, oxidation. The life of body cells and their activity depends on oxygen. If you sit on your leg in such a way that there is pressure on the artery of the leg, your leg will become numb and tingle in a few minutes. (12) This is the slowness of blood flow and lack of oxygen, as well as on the arteries of other parts of the body, if you put pressure or an obstacle blocks the channel of the veins (such as an ampoule in the artery of the heart), the flow of blood and oxygen will be cut off and the organ will fail due to discomfort. The body's tolerance to lack of oxygen is different. The hands and feet and the surrounding body can tolerate the interruption of blood flow for 1-2 hours, but the brain and heart need oxygen the most. After stopping the flow of oxygen (stopping breathing), the brain stops working in one or two minutes and the heart stops working in 2-3 minutes. Fortunately, oxygen is abundant and free in the open air, and 21% of the composition of air is oxygen. Its concentration is higher at sea level and its amount decreases as the altitude increases. At an altitude of 3000 meters, atmospheric pressure decreases by one atmosphere every 10 meters. From 3000 meters up, one atmosphere decreases every 20 meters. At any altitude, the ratio of oxygen to other gases in the air composition is constant and 21%. (13 and 14)

If someone gets on a plane or helicopter and gets off at an altitude of 6000 meters, he will suffer from breathing problems and lack of oxygen, he will suffer from shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea and lethargy, and he will not be able to breathe and live above 8000 meters. But by climbing a few stages and staying for a few days at high altitudes, the body's automatic mechanism will compensate for the lack of oxygen with conscious and amazing changes in the blood composition.