Examining the educational opinions of Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk Tosi's policy paper

Number of pages: 138 File Format: word File Code: 31561
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
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    Farsi Language and Literature Teaching Group

    Thesis for Master's Degree

    Farsi Language and Literature Department

    Abstract:

    Policies, like any other literary phenomenon, are effective in reflecting the basic structure of society. Policies are a type of literature that is based on the conditions and social environment and the internal characteristics of the people who wrote it. And, they are written in a special framework. Khwaja Nizam al-Malktusi is one of the policy writers of Iran. His famous work is called Policy, which is considered one of the most simple examples of Old Persian prose. He used the format of policy to express the problems and reform of society. And the historical policy of education has the necessary power and strength. Nizam al-Molk is an educator who tries to establish the affairs of the state on the basis of religion and rationality, and in his political thought, he mixes educational self-foundation with the political issues of ancient Iran. For this reason, the source of educational works of Khwaja Nizam al-Molk can be evaluated in this direction. As a jewel of political power, it has a tremendous impact on education in terms of literature and history.

    Keywords: educational opinions, policy, Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk. It is human. Because human beings have needs for a better life. Education is of vital value for the reform of society. Education is based on the conditions and social environment and the characteristics and opinions of the people who have studied it. Various forms, frameworks and types have emerged. In the Seljuk era, policy writing was one of the things that was taken into consideration. This caused a revolution in this field, so that many writers began to create policy letters.

    One of the most famous policy writers in the fifth century was Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk Tosi, who is considered one of the exceptional faces in policy writing. He created stories and wise educational advice by mixing his thoughts and opinions with his valuable experiences. Every anecdote and story in the history of the king is self-focused for better formation, which is a reflection of the achievements of this great Iranian minister. With his own abilities, he was able to create valuable educational points for the study of the policy and be the basis of an eternal work.

    This thesis is based on five chapters: after the general statement in the first chapter, in the second chapter, the theoretical foundation related to the subject, namely educational opinions, education, definitions and classifications is discussed. The third chapter is dedicated to the biography, works and personal style of Khwaja Nizam al-Molk. In the fourth chapter, the breakdown, analysis and review of the existing educational opinions in the career of Nizam al-Molk are presented. Finally, in the fifth chapter, a conclusion is given.

    The obstacles and bottlenecks for this thesis can be pointed to the lack of research background on the educational opinions hidden in the heart of Sir al-Muluks, including the policy of Khajah, the limitation of available resources regarding Nizam al-Mulk.

    Andreznameh, as the most common form of expression of political thought in the Islamic period, is of special importance, because these treatises are generally written with the aim of influencing political relations and Shahryar's decision-making, paying attention to the arrangement of political forces, and in this sense, they can be considered political writings in the strict sense of the word. With the expansion of the court institution, the ceremonies and rituals related to the monarchy also developed and a class of educated people was formed in the court, one of whose duties was to teach these manners to the princes and write educational works for the kings. It is considered one of the most successful educational-political achievements among the series of kings that have been written in the 2nd discipline. Policy writing is a very valuable and profound art that has a deep and eye-catching social impact, and considering the need of today's human to cultivate the soul, this art is also of great interest.

    For the formation of the policy, elements and structures are used, which on the one hand are the necessary teachings, moral and educational values ??of his conscience, and on the other hand are tied to the social life of the author. These elements are introduced with titles such as practical politics, conditions and obligations of the government, the percentage of influence of the field of ethics and education in governance, individual and social life.

    What is the quality of the use of educational elements in the policy is a question that can be researched and thought about. Examining the style of this work will lead to a better and more familiarity with the author. In the present research, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze the educational ideas of Sirul Muluk Khajeh in detail. Warsh is derived from this root, and different uses of this root all have the same meaning, such as (raboh) they say deep and loud breath that causes the chest to rise, and (raboh and rabiyah) they say high and elevated land, and (rabah) means to increase hair. appropriate behavior and speech, creating the necessary conditions and factors and helping the person in question so that he can develop his hidden talents in all dimensions of existence and harmoniously flourish and gradually move towards the desired goals and perfection. The style of this book is simple and free of artificiality and artifice, and it is considered one of the masterpieces of the Persian language. Nizam al-Mulk started writing this book by the order of Malik Shah Seljuqi and finished it during the reign of Muhammad bin Malik Shah. Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk Tusi (408-485 AH) was the powerful minister of two of the kings of the Seljuk period in Iran; he was the most powerful minister in the Seljuk dynasty, and the Seljuks also reached the peak of strength during his time. He directed the internal and external policies of the Seljuk for twenty-nine years. It followed with surprising speed in all the cities of Islamic countries. So that in the fifth and sixth centuries, there was no city where there were not many schools, whether small or big.            

    Some of his precious advices and parables in the moral parts of the way kings rule, such as the acceptance of advice and avoiding haste in matters of work and forgiveness, have been given to worthy servants. Beit al-Mal is emphasized in dealing with the status of the deserving and religious scholars.

    Another part of the educational issues in the policy refers to the fact that Buzar Jamehr was asked what was the cause of the destruction of the Sassanid kingdom, while they were benefiting from your noble thoughts - whose wisdom and intelligence are unmatched. They gave to small people.

    The Khwaja answered the constables who did not ask the poor to go away, saying that you were chosen to serve such weak and helpless people, otherwise the kings and rulers would not need your service. They thought that they are the beauty of this world and the hereafter, and if I put them on my head, they are still bigger than them.

    When Abu al-Qasim al-Qashiri and Imam al-Haramin Juvini came to Khawaja, they would belittle the limited respect of Khawaja towards himself. They come in and praise me many times and raise me higher than the position I am in, and their words cause me to be arrogant.                

    In terms of the educational nature of this book, it should be said that Sir al-Muluk is one of the most useful books for describing the social conditions of the time. Nizam al-Mulk is one of those who felt a special attraction towards righteous people and was strongly influenced by their wise teachings. There are still unknown mysteries that require research and investigation in order to get to know the pure moral beliefs of Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk as much as possible.

  • Contents & References of Examining the educational opinions of Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk Tosi's policy paper

    List:

                Page

    Abstract.. 1

    Chapter One: Research Overview

    1-1-Introduction..3

    1-2-Statement of the problem..4

    1-3-Research questions.6

    1-4-Importance and necessity of research.7

    1-5-Research Background.7

    1-6-Research Objectives..8

    1-7-Research Hypotheses.8

    1-8-Definition of Key Word.8

    1-9-Research Scope and Scope.9

    Chapter Two: Theoretical Foundations

    2-1-Lexual Meaning and the terminology of the word education. 11

    2-2-Definition of education. 13

    2-3-Compatible definitions of religious attitude. 13

    2-4-Education from the perspective of the Qur'an. 15

    2-5-Relationship between ethics and politics. 17

    2-6-The goal of education. 21

    2-7-Relationship between Philosophical categories and various aspects of education and training. 23

    8-2-Definition of the science of education and training (education and upbringing). 23

    2-9-The science of education and training. 24

    2-10-Characteristics of the science of education and training. 26

    2-11-Educational opinion in the middle centuries. 28

    2-12-Using admonitions in the training of teachers. 29

    2-12-1-Quran and the method of preaching and admonitions. 29

    2-12-2-Necessary conditions for preaching and admonitions. 29

    2-13-Formation of a family and educational obligations. 32

    2-13-1-Accepting responsibility for failure and compensating for the shortcomings of parents.33

    2-13-2-Identifying shortcomings and trying to fix them.34

    2-13-3-Discipline and kindness.34

    2-13-4-Difference between being tough and incompetent.35

    2-14-Education and education.35

    2-14-1-The meaning of education from the perspective of Islam.37

    2-14-2-Education and education and its importance in Islamic society.38

    2-14-3-The meaning of education from the perspective of Western schools.40

    2-15-Theoretical and practical wisdom.43

    2-15-1-The end of existence.44

    2-15-2-The end of human life.45

    2-15-3-Self-discovery, the background of finding God.46

    2-15-3-1-Conclusion.46

    2-15-3-2-Growth and guidance of servants, the end of God's mercy.47

    2-16-Education from the perspective of religion.47

    2-16-1- The possibility of education.48

    2-16-2- The limits of education.49

    2-16-3- The dignity of education.51

    2-16-3-1-Reflection on the nature of the mission.53

    2-16-3-2-Reflection In the sense of reviving the self. 54

    2-16-3-3-Evaluating the meaning and scope of guidance. 55

    2-16-3-4-Education and the meaning of the best heritage. 56

    2-17-Educational fields. 57

    2-17-1-Formative education. 57

    2-17-2-Sharia education.58

    2-18-Philosophy of education.59

    Chapter three: Biography of Khwaja Nizam al-Molk Tosi

    3-1-Biography of Khwaja Nizam al-Molk Tosi.62

    3-2-Political and social conditions Seljuqian era. 66

    3-2-1- Alp Arslan. 67

    3-2-2- Malik Shah..67

    3-3-Style and manner of writing books. Nizam al-Molk.75

    3-7-The role of Nizam al-Molk in Nizamieh.76

    3-11-Eminent actions of Khawaja Nizam.78

    Chapter four: Examining the educational opinions of Khawaja Nizam al-Mulk Tosi

    4-1-Economic educational thoughts of Khawaja Nizam al-Mulk according to the book of politics.83

    4-1-1-Madarabashahrundan.83

    4-1-2-Attention to security.83

    4-1-3-Elitist.84

    4-1-4-Supervision of agents.84

    4-1-5-Route of managers.85

    4-1-6-Attention to welfare. General. 86

    4-1-7-Attention to research. 86

    4-1-8-Effects of encouragement and punishment in educational programs. 88

    4-2-Education for the prevention of corruption. 91

    4-3-Nizam al-Malek and Nizam al-Malek. 95

    4-3-1-Food..95

    4-3-2-letters and orders.95

    4-3-3-animals.96

    4-3-4-stories and historical anecdotes.96

    4-4-education in order and order.98

    4-4-1-in the order of special and general conception.98

    4-4-2-retention Administrative and military hierarchies and the respect of army chiefs. 99

    4-4-3-justice and justice. 100

    4-4-4-understatement and selective speaking. 107

    4-5-economic and social equality. 108

    4-5-1-characteristics of an accountant. 109

    4-5-2-in oppression. The sitting of the king. 111

    4-5-3- Effects of the king's neglect of the condition of the subjects and the country. 112

    4-5-4- The necessity of employing spies in various trades and guilds. 112

    4-5-5- The necessity of avoiding haste in making decisions about the affairs of the kingdom. 113

    4-5-6- The necessity of guarding 114. 4-5-7- Necessity of establishing justice and fighting with Khawarij. 114. 4-6- Ethics and politics in the views of Khwaja and criticism of practical politics.116

    4-6-1-Society groups in the thought of Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk. 116

    4-6-2-A vital issue in the survival of the government. 120

    4-6-2-1-The king's justice towards the subjects. 123

    4-6-2-2-Preventing the oppression of the minister. 123

    4-6-2-3-Preventing the oppression of the people against the subjects. 123

    4-6-2-4-Preventing the oppression of the subjects of the subjects. 124

    4-6-2-5-Preventing the oppression of the people against each other. 125

    4-6-2-6- Supervision of the judges for proper implementation. Justice. 125 4-6-2-7-Relationship between religion and government. 129 4-7-Educational tips for the rule of law. 132 4-7-1- The secret of Siral-Muluk's creation. 133 4-7-2 Necessity of meritocracy. 136

    4-7-3-1-Ambassadors' charter. 137

    4-7-3-2-King. 138

    4-7-3-2-1-Benevolence or selfishness. 140

    4-7-3-2-2-Anarchy in the choice. 140

    4-7-3-2-3-Council. 141

    4-7-3-2-4-Education for politics. 142

    4-7-3-2-5-Khwaja Nizam al-Molk's view on the position of women. 143

    4-7-3-2-6-Interestism is an educational indicator. 146

    4-7-3-2-7-Organizing relations between the city and other classes of society and religious groups. 150

    4-7-4-Education of kings. 154

    4-8-Education index in the royal career. 158

    4-8-1-Education and teaching of religion. 158

    4-8-2- Compliance Justice towards agents. 159

    4-8-3-No haste. 165

    4-8-4-Practical way of Nizam al-Mulk. 160

    4-8-5- Necessity of education and politics. 163

    4-8-5-1-Civil affairs. 164

    4-8-5-2-Military affairs.166

    4-8-5-3-Regulation of current affairs of the center of executive arrangements of the court.168

    4-8-6-Khwaja Nizam al-Molk in the Badgrandishan valley.171

    Chapter five: conclusion and suggestion

    5-Conclusion.176

    Presentation of proposal. 178

    Diagrams. 179

    List of sources. 184

    Source:

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Examining the educational opinions of Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk Tosi's policy paper