Faculty of Management and Accounting, Business Management Department
Dissertation for Master Degree (M.A)
Business Management, Transformation Management
Abstract
In today's world with population increase and rapid growth of changes, societies are rapidly expanding, growing and flourishing, among which entrepreneurship in today's modern era is considered one of the main fundamental strategies of any country. In fact, in a dynamic economy, all factors are constantly changing, and in this situation, the entrepreneur plays a decisive and important role in human life and the progress of society as a strong moderator to deal with and adapt to new conditions. In fact, this research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of dependency motivation in the interest in entrepreneurial careers of Master of Business Administration students of Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch. The research method in this descriptive study is correlational, and the statistical population of this research is the students who started studying in the field of business management in the mentioned university in 2011 and 2012, and 278 people were selected as a statistical sample through Morgan's table. To collect the necessary information, a standard questionnaire of interpersonal and self-employment tendencies was used, which was approved by professors and management experts. In this research, the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and the results indicated a strong reliability of the questionnaire. The analysis of research data is on two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of this research show that there is a significant relationship between the motivation of dependence and interest in entrepreneurial careers among the master of business administration students of Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch.
Key words: motivation of dependence, interest in entrepreneurship, positive stimulus, attention
Chapter 1:
Overview of the research
-1-Introduction:
Nowadays, all human-made systems are experiencing some kind of rapid changes and developments, and in the meantime, universities, which always claim to train human resources for development, are not exempt from this rule. In fact, universities are responsible for an important type of investment in human resources, which provide the basis for the growth of knowledge, skills and attitudes of human resources in technical, professional and managerial fields and with the research, technological and scientific advances they bring, they provide the basis for economic growth and development. Even now, based on the concerns of national education, there is a need for a kind of revolutionary institutional transformation in all academic goals and processes, so that this institution can properly fulfill its task of promoting wisdom. National growth is accomplished. (Falah Haghighi, 2019) Entrepreneurs play an important role in economic development and entrepreneurship is vital for the growth of the market and economy. (Huang [1], 2013) For this reason, in recent years, the educational system of different countries have taken a targeted approach to integrate entrepreneurship in their educational program, so that they can increase the capabilities and competencies expected by the society and the labor market from the graduates and also improve the quality of educational processes. One of the criteria and criteria for the development of entrepreneurship education in any educational system is to achieve the necessary knowledge about the level of competencies and entrepreneurial capabilities of students. The knowledge gained can be like a starting point for planning the development of entrepreneurship education and also a basis for evaluating the success of educational processes in order to develop entrepreneurial capabilities. (Sharifzadeh, 1391)
According to the material raised, in this section first the statement of the problem is discussed, then the importance and necessity of conducting the research, the theoretical framework of the research, the basic objectives of the research, the research hypotheses, the conceptual and operational definition of the research variables, the scope of the research and finally the stages of the research are stated. Uniqueness of resources refers to taking advantage of an opportunity, this process requires an entrepreneurial act and an entrepreneurial agent (Haqshanas et al.; 2016) Entrepreneurship is considered to mean carrying out activities to create and use new economic opportunities and then earn profit (Zare et al.
1-2- Statement of the problem:
Entrepreneurship refers to the process of creating value by providing a unique combination of resources to take advantage of an opportunity, this process requires an entrepreneurial act and an entrepreneurial agent (Haqshanas et al., 2016) Entrepreneurship is considered to mean carrying out activities to create and use new economic opportunities, followed by making a profit (Zare et al., 2016) Identification Opportunity is an important aspect in entrepreneurship (Siegel[2]; 2012). Identifying opportunities includes searching the external environment for a new market, inappropriate needs, the existence of problems in the business process and new product ideas (Franco[3], 2013). (Sanchez [4]; 2011) Entrepreneurship is one of the activities that can solve many major challenges such as unemployment, low income, lack of economic diversity and so on. (Haidari Sarban; 2013) In an entrepreneurial society, all people have the same opportunities in front of them, and this is a suitable basis for the development of justice at the social level (Alai; 2013) Without such a specific mechanism, the idea of ??improvement, management and service delivery will remain sterile (Melkpour et al., 2014, 19) Interest in entrepreneurship with "the ability to recognize ideas", "self-confidence to leave a job in a large organization and start a business" new", "self-employment ability", "business management ability" and "free time to review and plan your own business" are measured. (Dekker and Kalo, 2012) in this research, these indicators are also used to measure interest in entrepreneurship.
In 2012, a research by Decker [5] and Kalo pointed to the relationship between the motivation of dependence and interest in entrepreneurship, and in their research, they concluded that the motive of dependence means the desire to have social relations and positive interaction with others, or to maintain relationships with others. In this research, the dependency motivation has 4 dimensions, which are: social comparison (desire to participate in activities with others in order to compare one's performance), attention from others (need to be seen as the center of things), emotional support (need for people around in times of stress and distress) and positive stimulus (enjoying being with others and having a close friendship) (Dekker and Kalo[6], 2012)
According to statistics, the number of educated people in the country during 20 years There has been a significant increase in the past, but the quality of the graduates and their specialist adaptation to the needs of the society is still in an aura of uncertainty. In fact, successful graduates are those who are not only equipped with specialized skills, but also skills such as creativity, innovation, risk-taking, ambiguity tolerance, success-seeking, self-confidence and so on. Relatively, it lies in them and universities should cultivate these skills and until these qualities are cultivated in students, new ideas and planning to implement them and in general exploitation of expertise and ultimately entrepreneurship will not be possible. (Falah Haghighi et al.; 2013) Accordingly, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the motivation of dependence in the interest in entrepreneurial professions in the master's students of Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch, in order to provide an analysis of the students' situation to provide a ground for the development of entrepreneurship.
According to the material raised, the question is raised that:
Is there a meaningful relationship between the motivation of dependence and interest in entrepreneurship of master's students in business administration?
1-3- The importance and necessity of conducting research:
Currently, the course of global developments has placed entrepreneurs at the forefront of technological and economic development. The successful experience of most developed countries and some developing countries in overcoming economic crises through the development of entrepreneurship in those countries has caused other countries to attach special importance to entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs and the formation of innovative businesses. With regard to the phenomenon of economic globalization, some believe that tomorrow's global markets are among those companies that value entrepreneurial risk-taking and invest large amounts to expand their intellectual capital, are diligent in individual growth, and take environmental conditions into account in policy-making. According to various studies that have been conducted, it has been proven that the characteristics of entrepreneurs are often acquired and not inherited, and therefore, currently, entrepreneurship education has become one of the most important and broad activities of the university. (Talabi Klidbari, 2019)
The subject of the research is of special importance for research for two reasons.