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Investigating the effect of teaching communication skills on the social adjustment of high school girls

Number of pages: 105 File Format: word File Code: 30252
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Psychology
Tags/Keywords: Communication skills - compatibility - High school girls - Social adjustment
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  • Summary of Investigating the effect of teaching communication skills on the social adjustment of high school girls

    Dissertation for Master Degree (M.A.)

    Treatment: General

    Investigation of the effect of communication skills training on the social adjustment of high school girls

    Abstract

    The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of communication skills training on the social adjustment of high school girls. For this purpose, among the female high school students referred to educational counseling centers in Shiraz, 20 maladjusted adolescents were randomly placed in the control group and 20 maladjusted adolescents in the experimental group, then the two groups were pre-tested using the California Personality Test Questionnaire (CTP) 9-16-year-old form, and the members of the experimental group were taught communication skills. At the end of the post-test, the compatibility test was conducted again. The results of the data analysis showed that the communication skills training could not significantly increase the overall social compatibility of the experimental group students compared to the control group (P>0.05). There is no significant difference in the pre-test-post-test scores of the experimental group people in the indicators of social patterns, social skills, antisocial tendency, educational relationships, but this difference is significant in the family relations index.

    Key words: skill communication skills, adaptation, social adaptation, high school girls

    Adolescence refers to periods of development that are between childhood and adulthood, for this reason adolescence is a period of transition. This period is accompanied by major physical, cognitive, moral and social changes that often begin at the age of 11-12, and in many industrialized countries of the world it ends at the age of 20 (Ahadi and Jamhari, 2010).

    Social adjustment in adolescents as the most important sign of their mental health is one of the topics that has attracted the attention of many sociologists, psychologists and educators in recent decades (Yar Mohammadian and Sharfi Rad, 1390).

    Young people are influenced by family, school, classmates, peers and society (both positive and negative). Several researches have been conducted regarding the prevalence of behavioral problems and incompatibility among teenagers, for example: Halling and his colleagues in their study on German teenagers reported that 11.9% of teenagers need mental health services due to behavioral problems and social incompatibility (Holling and Ravens [1], 2010, quoted by Tamnai Far, Salami Mohammadabadi, Dashtbanzadeh, 2013).  

    Most maladjusted and problematic teenagers belong to damaged families, and children who belong to conflicted families are more exposed to maladaptive behaviors due to lack of mental peace and lack of concentration and confusion (Barlow[2], 1992, quoted by Zare Moghadam, 2015). Environmental changes are not uniform and it is not enough to follow them unconsciously, and you can also influence the environment and change it in a suitable way (Barlow, 1992, quoted by Zare Moghadam, 2015). Such perception of teenagers causes special behavior in parents. What is important is to understand this incompatibility and its reasons, which helps parents to establish a better relationship with their teenagers. Teenagers do not accept their parents' behavior and do not approve of their behavior. None of the children in different social classes fully approve of the behavior of their parents and basically the degree of acceptance of the behavior of parents and children is low.  In this heterogeneous situation where parents consider teenagers to be incompatible and teenagers do not accept their parents' behavior, there is a possibility of many unfortunate incidents for teenagers (Ahadi, 2013).

    To sum up, it can be said that some teenagers behave inconsistently based on puberty changes and identity crisis. Adolescence is the most difficult stage in terms of adaptation due to the wide changes in physical, psychological and social dimensions (Bowmeister[3] and Tice[4], 2001; Baumeister and Leary [5], 2004; Gardner [6], Pickett [7] and Brewer [8], 2003; Leary [9] and Dones [10], 2005; quoted by Khobani, Zadeh Mohammadi and Jarareh, 2012).

    Socialization is a process in which a person's norms, skills, motivations, attitudes and behaviors are formed so that his current or future role in the society is considered suitable and desirable. In this process, the acquisition and application of communication skills and how to communicate and interact with others is one of the main components of social development, especially among children and adolescents. According to the definition, communication skills refer to the learned and accepted behaviors of the society, the behaviors that a person can communicate with others in a way that leads to positive responses and avoiding negative responses (Cartelge and Milburn [12], 2013)

    Therefore, investigating the effectiveness of communication skills training as one of the effective factors in reducing the social disharmony of adolescents is one of the necessities that is addressed in this research.

    1-2 statement of the problem

    Almost all experts in psychology and educational sciences believe that the period of adolescence is the most sensitive, critical and most important period of development of every human being, in this period a person reaches maturity, seeks to discover his identity, seeks independence and separation from the dependencies of childhood, for these reasons, adolescents do not have a stable mental state during this period, and it is during this period that most behavioral problems arise for adolescents (task) 1380).

    In Coleman's theory [13], each problem of teenagers reaches its peak of tension at a certain chronological age, which is changeable according to gender differences, and whenever the peak age of tension for several issues or problems coincides, the adolescent's adaptation becomes problematic, and it is in such a situation that behavioral problems become more visible for them. Erikson[14] considers adolescence to be a period of identification versus lack of identity, and considering that identification is a unity that occurs between three biological, social, and psychological systems, if such unity is not achieved, adolescents will experience confusion in relationships and behavior (cited by Dartaj, Masaibi, Asadzadeh, 2018).

    Research shows that some adolescents need services due to behavioral problems and social incompatibility. They have mental health. The meaning of behavioral problems here is the problems that teenagers usually face when facing the components of peers, parents, academic duties, social and personal issues. Therefore, behavioral or adjustment problems are not behavioral disorders, but they are problems that teenagers need support and guidance in facing.

    Skillful and caring communication processes are necessary for problem solving, conflict resolution, and the ability to establish effective emotional communication and ultimately for people's social adjustment. Teaching communication skills and solving social problems is part of teaching life skills. In 1993, the World Health Organization prepared a program entitled "Life Skills Training" in order to promote mental health and prevent social harm. Since then, this program has been implemented in different countries and its success has been proven. In many countries of the world, this program is being implemented in elementary, middle and high schools. A program that not only improves mental health and adapts better to everyday situations, but also brings effective coping and adaptation to conflicts and stresses in life. This program is based on the theory of social learning and the studies of Hawkins[15] and Solomon[16] (World Health Organization, 2013).

    Communication skills are those skills through which people can engage in interpersonal interactions and the communication process; That is, the process during which people share their information, thoughts and feelings with each other through the exchange of verbal and non-verbal messages (Brooks [17] and Heath [18], 2004; quoted by Harijeh [19] and Dixon [20], 2004). These skills include sub-skills or sub-skills related to "understanding verbal and non-verbal messages", "regulating emotions", "listening", "insight into the communication process" and "assertiveness in communication" which form the basis of communication skills.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effect of teaching communication skills on the social adjustment of high school girls

    List:

    Table of Contents

    Title

    Abstract ........................... 1

    Chapter One: Generalities of the Research

    1-1 Introduction............................. 3

    1-2 Statement of the problem .....................5

    1-3 Necessity of doing research.................................8

    1-4 Definitions Variables.........................10

    Chapter Two: Theoretical Foundations and Research Background

    Introduction..............................13

    2-1 Theoretical Foundations        ..........................13

    2-2- Effective Factors in the Occurrence of Behavioral Disorders in Adolescence...........24

    3-2- The Concept of Adaptation ........................28

    2-4 Types of Adaptation ........................40

    2-5 Communication skills ........................51

    2-6- Research background regarding communication skills and adaptability..........56

    2-7 Research hypothesis ......................61

    Chapter three: Research method

    3-1 Introduction.................................63

    3-2 Research method.................................63

    3-3 Statistical population and research sample.................63

    4-3 Ethical Considerations of Research...................64

    3-5 Information Collection Tools and Methods...................64

    3-6 Research Tools............................65

    3-7 Data Analysis......................68

    Chapter Four: Analysis of Research Findings

    Introduction.................................70

    4-1- The Main Research Hypothesis.................................70

    Chapter Five: Conclusion

    5-1- Introduction................................75

    5-2. Discussion and conclusion................................75

    5-2-1. Social skills index................................78

    5-2-2. Antisocial tendency index.................................79

    5-2-3. Family relationship index        .....................80

    5-2-4.Index of social formats...................81

    5-2-5.Index of educational relations......................81

    5-2-6.Index of social relations................................82

    5-3.General conclusion of the research................................      83

    5-4.Suggestions.................................84

    5-5- Suggestions for future researches. ................... 84

    5-6 research limitations................... 85

    Sources

    Persian sources .................87

    English sources .................93

    English abstract...............95

    Source:

    Persian sources

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    Ahmed Khani, Hossein. (1388). Investigating the effect of communication skills training on the social adjustment of mothers with mentally retarded children in Ardabil city. Master's degree. Tehran University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.

    Ahmadi, Saeed; Hatami, Hamidreza and Asadzadeh, Hassan. (2011). The effect of teaching communication skills on social adaptation and academic progress of secondary school students in Zanjan city. Journal of Social Psychology Research 2, 115-99.

    Ahmadi, Saeed; Hatami, Hamidreza and Asadzadeh, Hassan. (2011). The effect of teaching communication skills on social adaptation and academic progress of secondary school students in Zanjan city. Journal of Social Psychology Research 2, 115-99.

    Ahmadi, Mohammad Saeed; Hatami, Hamidreza; Ahdi, and Asadzadeh; Hassan (2012) The effect of communication skills training on self-efficacy beliefs and academic progress of female students. Scientific Research Quarterly Journal of Modern Approaches in Educational Management, Fourth Year, Number 4, Winter, Pages 105 to 118

    Ahmadi, A. (1382), Adolescent and Youth Psychology, Isfahan: Mashaal Publications.

    Ajei, Javad, Manzari Tavakoli, Vahid Hosseini, Seyyed Rahman and Hashemizadeh, Vajiheh Al-Sadat (1391) Investigating the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy, group meaning therapy and their combination on increasing the social adjustment of maladjusted students. Scientific-Research Quarterly Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 6th Volume, 3rd Issue, Fall 2011, Pages 30-39

    Islami Nesab, A. (2004), Adaptation Psychology, Tehran, Publishing(1383), Adaptation Psychology, Tehran, Foundation Publishing.

    Afshar Nyakan (1380). Investigation and comparison of emotional, social and educational adaptation in male and female students of mathematics, experimental and humanitarian fields. Master's thesis, Al-Zahra University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology.

    Irvani, Mahmoud; Izadi, Maryam (1378) Examining the relationship between documentation styles and the mental health status of Islamic Azad University students, Khorasgan Branch (Isfahan), Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology » Fall 1378 - Number 1

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    Agha Mohammadian, H.R. and Hosseini, S. M. (2004), psychology of maturity and adolescence, developmental psychology 2, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Publications.

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    Barak, L. (1382) Psychology of development from adolescence to the end of life, translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi, Arsbaran Publishing House.

    Bernstein, Flip. (1994). Marital therapy from the perspective of communicative behavior, translated by Seyyed Hasanpour Abedi Naini, Gholamreza Manshai, (2007), second edition, Tehran, Rushd Publications. Soleimani, Mansour, Afrooz, Gholamali and Lavasani, Gholamali. (1389). The effect of social skills training on social adjustment and academic performance of late learners. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations 9, 186-163.

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    Tamanai Far, M. R. Salami Mohammad Abadi, F. , Dashtbanzadeh, S. (1390). The relationship between compatibility and happiness with students' academic success. Culture in Islamic University, 47. 15th year, number 2. Hajari, S. (1384). Investigating the effectiveness of problem-solving group training on the level of social adjustment of women with bipolar disorder in Isfahan city, Isfahan University psychology master's thesis

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    Haqiqi, Jamal and Mousavi, Mohammad, Mehrabzadeh Artman, Mahnaz and Beshlideh, Kiyomarth. (1385). Investigating the effect of life skills training on the mental health and self-esteem of first-year female secondary school students. Journal of Educational Sciences of Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, 3rd term, 13th year, number 1, pp. 61-78

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    Khodayari Fard, Mohammad; Chashmenoushi, Mitra; Rahiminejad, Abbas and Farahani, Hojatullah. (1390). The effectiveness of teaching emotional intelligence components on social adjustment and social intimacy. Journal of Psychology 15, 368-353.

    Khodayari Fard, Mohammad; Chashmenoushi, Mitra; Rahiminejad, Abbas and Farahani, Hojatullah. (1390). The effectiveness of teaching emotional intelligence components on social adjustment and social intimacy. Journal of Psychology 15, 368-353.

    Khazaili, Mahnaz; Bowalhari, Jaafar (1372) Investigating the effect of group training of families with schizophrenia on the adaptation of patients in daily functioning, Iran Spring Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology - Number 8

    Khobani, Maryamzadeh Mohammadi, Ali and Jarareh, Jamshid (1392) The effectiveness of psychodrama training on communication skills and aggression of aggressive girls. Winter, Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, Year 7, Number 4 (22)

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    Zare Moghadam, A.A.

Investigating the effect of teaching communication skills on the social adjustment of high school girls
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