The effect of work ethics and conscience on labor supply in Islamic economy

Master's thesis in the field­ Islamic Economy

Bahman 13 92

Abstract:

This research seeks to describe the supply function of Muslim labor in an environment where society is committed to implementing rules and laws based on Islamic norms. Therefore, special laws and values ??will govern the labor market. Due to the importance of labor supply in Islamic economy, it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of the factors affecting the labor supply of the Muslim individual and clarify the results of this effect on the labor supply function of the Muslim individual.

In this research, with a different approach, it has been tried to introduce factors to influence the labor supply function of the Muslim individual, and with a descriptive look at the two factors of work conscience and work ethic, the effects of these two factors on the supply of Muslim labor have been investigated. In the first stage, the effects of work conscience and work ethics refer to the level of productivity of a person, then by accepting the fact that these two factors affect the level of productivity, it comes to the conclusion that   these two factors cause the shift of the Muslim labor supply curve. Veri Supply curve

JEL classification, Z13, O20. J21, J12, J22

Foreword:

In many works written about the economic system of Islam, the economic system of Sadr Islam and the fundamentals of the Islamic economy or Islamic markets, or discussing work and its place in the Islamic economy, the principles and basics of work and its importance in the Islamic economy have been discussed, especially for the socialist economy to rely on work and value. In addition to that, the discussion of work and its role in Islam and its comparison with socialist and capitalist economy are mentioned in numerous books and articles; However, less attention has been paid to the labor supply pattern of a Muslim individual and limited works have been written about it.

Economy of every society includes the production and consumption sectors and their relationship with the supporting sector. The production sector provides capital, intermediate and final goods and services for the use of other sectors. Production requires a purposeful and scientific combination of production factors. Factors of production in a general division include labor and capital. Capital, including cash and physical capital; and physical capital including land, raw materials, human artifacts; Such as:   machines and technology. Work also includes simple work, specialized work and management. In the production stage, labor and capital are combined.

In order to specify the pattern of human labor supply, the motivations and drivers must be explained, and the customary and religious restrictions must be clarified. In this article, it is shown that work ethics and conscience are effective on labor productivity. According to the definitions of economics, productivity causes the shift of the labor supply curve. At the end, it is explained that ethics is effective on the labor supply curve.

1 Chapter 1

Overview of the research

1-1   Introduction

The business sector in Islamic economy has ethical considerations and implications for private individuals. The labor market is also affected by the decisions of the labor force and the employer, the values ??governing the market determine the shape of the labor supply function. In this chapter, the subject under investigation will be defined first, then the purpose and reason for choosing the subject will be mentioned, and finally the scope of the research, research objectives, and research assumptions will be stated.

1-2   Problem Statement

 Humans work to continue living. From the hunting age to the industrial age and now, work has always been a companion and companion of humans. Islamic beliefs and its morals have encouraged Muslims to do economic work, motivation‌ It creates many problems in him. slow down Contrary to what has been said about religious teachings, Muslim values ??and beliefs have the ability to create the result of effective behavior.

The relations governing the labor market are influenced by the perspective of the economic school. Beliefs, ethics and practical methods have strong effects on behavior.The type of behavior in the labor market has its effects in the production sector and on the growth of the society. brought The labor market is one of the most important economic markets. The unique characteristics of the labor force and its effect on other markets and on the entire economy of the society have given it special importance. Different schools of humanities have different views on the phenomenon of work and labor force. The valuable place of work in every society, the original cultural context to influence the phenomenon. is economic (Tafzali, 1375).

 The change in the view of economic work during the Middle Ages to the modern era, caused the growth of Western society in the economic dimension.

Some people owe the economic development of the new centuries to the fundamental change of the society's view of economic work and wealth acquisition and back‌ He considers the backwardness of other societies to be caused by the lack of cultural foundations, religious beliefs and traditional attitudes to work, earning a living, Qada and Qadr, and the like. is one of the important factors of economic backwardness. are counted Misjudgment about the economic school of Islam is mainly due to the lack of knowledge of the religious foundations in these matters (Esavi, 1379).

  To realize the desired Islamic society, we need a detailed planning based on models derived from  Islamic society and be in accordance with the behavior of Muslims. The question raised here is that  Do you rely on  Extractive model  whose theoretical basis is based on moral values ??and It is the standards of the western world, and sometimes these standards are in conflict with Islamic values,  Are the needs of an Islamic society met? It seems  doesn't seem that  The answer to this question is negative.

Labor supply is one of the sectors that should not be limited to western models, because the conventional labor supply is formed with a theoretical framework that contradicts some of our hadiths and verses. which cleanses the work of some sins" [1]  And this is contrary to the unfavorable nature of work from the point of view of Western economists.

According to a hadith such as " There are three times for a believer: when he prays to his Lord, and when he organizes his life, and when he sees what is lawful and beautiful about it. It is, it takes pleasure for itself, and it is not necessary for a wise man to seek three things: to organize his livelihood, to prepare for the Day of Resurrection, or to enjoy what is not forbidden (Ali, peace be upon him).

1-3   The importance and necessity of research

The progress and development of an Islamic society depends on the implementation of Islamic rules. According to Islamic laws, work is considered both as a duty and as a religious matter, and it contributes to the progress and development of the country. The conventional labor supply model expresses the classic conventional factors and variables and the individual's behavior according to the conventional variables such as income, leisure and wage level and so on. It examines.

Islamic model of labor supply is extracted according to work ethics and conscientiousness that these two factors affect the quality of work of a Muslim person.