Contents & References of Preparation of nitrile rubber by emulsion polymerization method and checking its properties
List:
Table of Contents
Title Page number
Abstract..1
Chapter One: Introduction. 2
1-1- History. 2
1-2- Features of nitrile rubber. 3
1-3- Applications of nitrile rubber. 4
1-4- Chemical structure. 5
1-5- The amount of acrylonitrile. 7
1-6- Production process. 7
1-6-1- Polymerization. 7
1-6-2- Completion. 9
1-7- Comparing two hot and cold methods. 10
1-8- Objectives. 10
1-8-1- Investigating the microstructure and composition of nitrile rubber copolymer. 11
1-8-2- Investigating the physical properties of nitrile rubber. 12
1-8-3- Latex review. 12
Chapter 2: Theory and an overview of the studies. 14
2-1- Classical emulsion polymerization theory. 14
2-2- Kinetics of emulsion polymerization. 17
2-2-1- Harkins mechanism. 17
2-2-2- Smith and Everett theory. 18
2-2-3- Investigating the kinetics of emulsion polymerization. 19
2-2-4- Speed ??changes with conversion percentage. 20
2-3- Nucleation mechanisms. 21
2-3-1- Formation of particles. 22
2-3-2- Contribution of different nucleation mechanisms to particle formation. 22
2-3-3- The fate of radicals in emulsion polymerization. 23
2-4- Colloidal stability in emulsion polymerization. 24
2-4-1- stabilization mechanisms. 24
2-4-2- The effect of different electrolytes on colloidal stability. 26
2-4-3- Clotting process. 26
2-5- Components of emulsion polymerization and materials used. 27
2-5-1- Monomers and their ratio 27
2-5-2- Water. 28
2-5-3- Starter system. 28
2-5-4- Surface active agents. 36
2-5-5- chain transfer agents. 39
2-5-6- Inhibitors 39
2-6- Principles of copolymerization. 40
2-6-1- Investigation of emulsion copolymerization of butadiene and acrylonitrile monomers. 42
2-6-2- Copolymerization. 42
2-6-3- Emulsion copolymerization processes. 47
2-7- Process and product specifications. 50
2-7-1- Molecular mass and its distribution. 50
2-7-2- The chemical composition of the copolymer and its distribution. 51
2-7-3- Transverse connections. 54
2-7-4- Macroscopic characteristics. 55
2-8- Summary. 56
Chapter three: Materials used and methods of work 57
3-1- Materials used. 57
3-2- Method of preparing samples 58
3-2-1- Reactor specifications 58
3-2-2- Method of preparation. 59
3-3- Designed experiments. 62
3-3-1- Statistical methods to determine the optimal feed recipe. 62
3-3-2- Investigating the effect of various factors on molecular and macroscopic properties. 63
3-4- Tests and devices used to identify nitrile rubber. 63
3-4-1- Measurement of latex solid percentage and conversion percentage. 63
3-4-2- Clotting method. 64
3-4-3- Measuring the gel. 65
3-4-4- Mooney viscosity test. 65
3-4-5- Rheometer test. 66
3-4-6- Tensile test. 66
3-4-7- Compressive mana test. 67
3-4-8- Leap test. 67
3-4-9- Hardness test. 67
3-4-10- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) test 67
3-4-11- Dynamic Light Diffraction (DLS) test 68
3-4-12- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test 68
3-4-13- Elemental Analysis (CHNO) test 68
Chapter Four: Results and discussion. 69
4-1- An introduction to test design (DOE) 69
4-2- Platelet-Borman screening test design. 72
4-2-1- Results related to determination of conversion percentage: 76
4-2-2- Data analysis 76
4-3- Design of all-factor experiment. 82
4-3-1- Results related to determination of conversion percentage. 84
4-3-2- Data analysis 85
4-4- Determining the optimal feed order. 92
4-4-1- The results of the dynamic light diffraction test 93
4-4-2- The results92
4-4-1- The results of the dynamic light diffraction test 93
4-4-2- The results of the differential scanning calorimetry test. 95
4-4-3- Investigating the microstructure of the copolymer using NMR. 96
4-4-4- Measuring the gel. 103
4-5- Investigating the microstructure changes of the copolymer during polymerization. 104
4-5-1- Elemental analysis test. 104
4-5-2- NMR test. 111
4-6- Changing the factors separately on the optimal feed recipe. 118
4-6-1- Investigating the effect of Rosini soap emulsifier on polymerization kinetics. 118
4-6-2- Investigating the effect of temperature on the amount of gel. 122
4-6-3- Investigating the effect of chain transfer agent on molecular mass. 123
4-7- Physical and mechanical properties. 124
4-7-1- Determining the mechanical properties of the mixture prepared from the optimal product (NBR-FF 6) 124
4-7-2- Investigating the effect of molecular mass and the preparation temperature of the copolymer on tensile properties. 127
Chapter five: conclusions and suggestions. 129
References. 132
Source:
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